Question 1

Tom and his friends exercise daily and never smoke or consume alcohol. Tom and his friends are likely above average in

Accepted Answer

A) neuroticism. 
B) agreeableness. 
C) conscientiousness. 
D) openness to experience.

Question 2

Research on genes and personality indicates that the heritability estimates for personality traits is approximately ​

Accepted Answer

A) 15%. 
B) 25%. 
C) 50%. 
D) 75%.

Question 3

Colton is completing a long personality inventory, and he doesn't really want to take the time to read each of the questions in detail. Instead, he simply disagrees with all the statements. Colton's method of completing the personality inventory shows ​

Accepted Answer

A) a social desirability bias. 
B) the use of deliberate deception. 
C) a response set. 
D) a self-monitoring bias.

Question 4

The American cultural conception of self results in children

Accepted Answer

A) developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong. 
B) developing an independent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes. 
C) developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of the groups to which they belong. 
D) developing an interdependent view of the self and defining themselves in terms of personal attributes.

Question 5

Your needs to learn all you can about philosophy and understand the inner workings of our political system are examples of _____ needs.

Accepted Answer

A) aesthetic 
B) esteem 
C) cognitive 
D) self-actualization

Question 6

A systematic tendency to respond to questions on a personality inventory in a way that is unrelated to the content of the questions is called a ​

Accepted Answer

A) perceptual set. 
B) social desirability bias. 
C) response set. 
D) mental set.

Question 7

Recent research has indicated that _____ is associated with many positive outcomes including business and leadership success.

Accepted Answer

A) narcissism 
B) agreeableness 
C) neuroticism 
D) self-concept

Question 8

People high in _____ tend to experience less physical illness than other people.

Accepted Answer

A) agreeableness 
B) conscientiousness 
C) neuroticism 
D) extraversion

Question 9

Dr. Linzle believes that it is necessary to understand each individual's personal, subjective experiences if you are to truly understand that individual's personality and behavior. Dr. Linzle's views MOST closely mirror those of the _____ perspective.

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) humanistic 
C) behavioral 
D) psychodynamic

Question 10

Todd was physically abused up until the age of eight. He is now 40 years old and has absolutely no memories of the early abuse that he experienced. According to Freud, Todd may be unconsciously dealing with the potential anxiety related to his abuse using the defense mechanism of ​

Accepted Answer

A) projection. 
B) repression. 
C) reaction formation. 
D) regression.

Question 11

The self or self-concept is the central focus of

Accepted Answer

A) Roger's person-centered theory. 
B) Maslow's theory of self-actualization. 
C) Adler's individual psychology. 
D) Bandura's social cognitive theory.

Question 12

Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate among psychologists as to the relative importance of the person as opposed to the _____ in determining behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Walter Mischel's provocative theories have sparked debate...

Question 13

Jason just sat down to work on his term paper when his friends called and invited him to a party. If Jason decides he will only go to the party after he finishes outlining the term paper, his decision reflects the functioning of his ​

Accepted Answer

A) id. 
B) superego. 
C) ego. 
D) preconscious.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT one of the main weaknesses in biological approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) Conceptual problems with heritability estimates 
B) An overly optimistic view of human nature 
C) The difficulty of separating the effects of nature and nurture 
D) Children's genes' effect on their environment

Question 15

Hal is fearful of men who are friendly toward him, convinced that they are all homosexuals attempting to seduce him. Should it be the case that Hal is himself a latent homosexual, fearful of admitting this even to himself, we might conclude that he is using the defense mechanisms of repression and ​

Accepted Answer

A) reaction formation. 
B) projection. 
C) displacement. 
D) regression.

Question 16

The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth and unique human qualities is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The theoretical perspective emphasizing potential for growth...

Question 17

Your friend spends money like water. When you learn that he is from a poverty-stricken background, you attribute his spending patterns to his earlier deprivation. You are likely to do this because of

Accepted Answer

A) the hindsight bias. 
B) a self-serving attribution. 
C) the consistency and distinctiveness of personality. 
D) circular reasoning.

Question 18

Nikolas is a nonconformist who is daring and likes to try new things. He is extremely imaginative and has a wide range of interests. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Nikolas would probably score ​

Accepted Answer

A) high in openness to experience. 
B) low in neuroticism. 
C) high in extraversion. 
D) high in agreeableness.

Question 19

Deirdre used to be shy and unwilling to speak out in class. Last semester, she was in a class that involved a lot of discussion groups, and she found that her classmates were willing to listen attentively to her ideas and often asked her for input when the discussion bogged down. Now Deirdre is more outspoken and confident during class discussions. Based on principles of operant conditioning, Deirdre's new outspoken, confident manner is MOST likely a result of ​

Accepted Answer

A) extinction. 
B) classical conditioning. 
C) punishment. 
D) reinforcement.

Question 20

How is Hans Eysenck's theory similar to behavioral theory? ​

Accepted Answer

A) Both theories examine the roles of the introversion-extroversion trait dimension. 
B) Both theories focus on the role of the unconscious on behavior. 
C) Both theories argue that conditioning influences the development of personality. 
D) Both theories use a trait approach.

Exam 11: Personality