Question 1

The humanistic perspective's emphasis on man's potential for personal growth is MOST similar to which of the following other personality theorist's belief concerning people's primary motivation?

Accepted Answer

A) Hans Eysenck 
B) Carl Jung 
C) Alfred Adler 
D) B. F. Skinner

Question 2

Psychodynamic theories have been criticized for their lack of empirical evidence and poor testability. Are some of Freud's, Jung's, and Adler's ideas easier to test than others? How might you design research studies to test some of these ideas?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Psychodynamic theories have been criticized for their...

Question 3

The crucial developmental task associated with the anal stage is ​

Accepted Answer

A) the Oedipal complex. 
B) gaining superiority. 
C) weaning from the breast or bottle. 
D) toilet training.

Question 4

Having a rather poor sense of self-worth, Bruce attempts to make himself feel important by driving a European sports car, belonging to an exclusive tennis club, and eating at the best restaurants. Bruce may be using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A) rationalization. 
B) identification. 
C) projection. 
D) displacement.

Question 5

According to Alfred Adler, overcompensation may be found in those who ​

Accepted Answer

A) have a superiority complex. 
B) have an inferiority complex. 
C) are fixated at one of the psychosexual stages. 
D) have not been successful in the use of defense mechanisms.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the main uses of personality scales?

Accepted Answer

A) Personnel selection 
B) Clinical diagnosis 
C) College admissions 
D) Psychological research

Question 7

Wilson has hidden feelings of inferiority, introversion, neuroticism, and need for recognition. Wilson is MOST accurately described as having

Accepted Answer

A) grandiose narcissism. 
B) vulnerable narcissism. 
C) grandiose neuroticism. 
D) vulnerable neuroticism.

Question 8

Jalen is currently thinking about all the things she has to do before she goes to her first class. She is mentally making lists of all these things so she will remember to do them on her way to school. According to Freud, these thoughts are contained in Jalen's _____ mind.

Accepted Answer

A) preconscious 
B) unconscious 
C) conscious 
D) subconscious

Question 9

Rosalind is an impulsive child who seldom waits for her turn when playing with other children. Rosalind's father is also an impulsive individual who often seems to act before he thinks. The theorist who would MOST likely suggest that Rosalind has learned to be impulsive from watching her father is ​

Accepted Answer

A) B. F. Skinner. 
B) Sigmund Freud. 
C) Carl Rogers. 
D) Albert Bandura.

Question 10

Esteban has a job that pays well, and he recently moved to a neighborhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with and raising a family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time, Esteban is MOST likely motivated by ​

Accepted Answer

A) aesthetic needs. 
B) belongingness and love needs. 
C) esteem needs. 
D) the need for self-actualization.

Question 11

Abraham Maslow called the need to fulfill one's potential the need for ​

Accepted Answer

A) affiliation. 
B) achievement. 
C) self-actualization. 
D) power.

Question 12

Which of the following criticisms can be leveled against BOTH the psychoanalytic approach and the humanistic approach to personality?

Accepted Answer

A) They have poor testability. 
B) They are too deterministic. 
C) They overemphasize the influence of early childhood experiences. 
D) They provide a fragmented view of personality.

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a weakness associated with projective tests?

Accepted Answer

A) Deliberate deception 
B) Low reliability 
C) Cultural bias 
D) Inconsistent scoring

Question 14

Freud used the term sexual in his psychosexual stages of development to mean

Accepted Answer

A) genital sexual impulses. 
B) any pleasure-giving urge. 
C) general sexual feelings. 
D) latent sexual feelings.

Question 15

Fourteen-year-old Jessica knows she has made some bad choices at times, and these choices have gotten her into serious trouble on a number of occasions. However, she is confident that her parents love her, in spite of her mistakes. Based on Carl Rogers's theory, Jessica perceives her parents' affection as

Accepted Answer

A) unconditional, and she is likely to develop incongruence in her self-concept. 
B) conditional, and she is likely to develop congruence in her self-concept. 
C) unconditional, and she is likely to develop congruence in her self-concept. 
D) conditional, and she is likely to develop incongruence in her self-concept.

Question 16

According to Rogers, the degree of disparity between one's self-concept and one's actual experience is termed ​

Accepted Answer

A) inconsistency. 
B) consistency. 
C) incongruence. 
D) congruence.

Question 17

Natalie is eight years old. Her parents have always spoiled her and given her anything that she has asked for. Based on Adler's theory of individual psychology, this parental pampering may cause Natalie ​

Accepted Answer

A) to develop exaggerated feelings of weakness and inadequacy. 
B) to develop a weak superego. 
C) to be dominated by her superego as an adult. 
D) to develop feelings of competence and self-sufficiency.

Question 18

The idea that a male child desires his mother and fears his father illustrates the _____ complex.

Accepted Answer

A) genital 
B) latency 
C) Oedipal 
D) Electra

Question 19

According to Jung, one's personal unconscious contains ​

Accepted Answer

A) archetypes. 
B) repressed or forgotten information. 
C) ancestral memories. 
D) the id and the superego.

Question 20

The central aspect of Adler's theory of personality is that people ​

Accepted Answer

A) must resolve conflicts between the needs of society and the needs of the self. 
B) have a dynamic interplay between the structures of their mental life that must be maintained in a state of balance and harmony. 
C) strive to adapt and master life's challenges. 
D) have a drive to resolve the discrepancy between their real selves and their ideal selves.

Exam 11: Personality