Question 1

Since elementary school, Tom has always shown a sense of entitlement, arguing with students and teachers to get his way. In high school, he became addicted to drugs and alcohol and got into criminal behavior that his parents were able to erase from his record. Which type of parenting would most likely have resulted in Tom's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian 
B) power assertive 
C) authoritative 
D) overly permissive

Question 2

Sam is a young adult, who is good at "bouncing back" after bad experiences and has the strength, self-control, and positive coping skills to thrive even in difficult circumstances. Sam's parents were most likely ___________ parents.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritative 
B) authoritarian 
C) overly permissive 
D) collaborative

Question 3

Research has shown that many adults can think formally about some topics but display concrete thinking when the topic is unfamiliar. This illustrates that formal operational thought

Accepted Answer

A) is genetically-programmed. 
B) is based on maturation. 
C) Is influenced by learning and culture. 
D) is more of a right-hemisphere activity.

Question 4

Vygotsky realized that some tasks are just beyond a child's reach. However, children receiving sensitive guidance from skilled partners could make rapid progress. Interactions like this are most helpful when they take place within a child's

Accepted Answer

A) zone of proximal development. 
B) vicarious learning sphere. 
C) cognitive maturation cycle. 
D) intrinsic motivational zone.

Question 5

Simone was a moderately shy infant whose very extroverted parents rarely gave her time to adapt to a new social situation before thrusting her into another one. This style of parenting led Simone to become an extremely shy child as she entered school. This illustrates that

Accepted Answer

A) nurture is more important than nature. 
B) nature is more important than nurture. 
C) inherited temperaments can be dynamically modified by learning, even negatively. 
D) shyness is a lasting trait that cannot be modified by experience or learning.

Question 6

Which combination could produce a blue-eyed child?

Accepted Answer

A) The father is brown-eyed, and the mother is blue-eyed. 
B) The father is blue-eyed, and the mother is brown-eyed. 
C) Both father and mother are brown-eyed. 
D) Each of these could produce a blue-eyed child.

Question 7

When interacting with their children, mothers tend to do which of the following more than fathers?

Accepted Answer

A) pay more visual attention to their young children 
B) are more tactile and physically arousing while playing with their young children 
C) speak more often to their infants 
D) engage in more unusual play with their babies

Question 8

The use of inductive and deductive reasoning and being able to test hypotheses in a scientific manner are characteristic of __________ thinking.

Accepted Answer

A) preoperational 
B) concrete operational 
C) formal operational 
D) sensorimotor

Question 9

Rats that were raised in the enriched cage environments

Accepted Answer

A) had smaller, lighter brains. 
B) had brains with a thinner cortex. 
C) were superior at learning mazes. 
D) exhibited all of these characteristics.

Question 10

You are over at a friend's house in the backyard and his son, Sam is taking a stick and waving it through the air, making airplane noises. You then take the stick and push it along the ground, making car noises. Sam angrily takes back the stick and says, "No, it's a plane!" Sam appears to be in Piaget's __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) preoperational 
B) concrete operational 
C) formal operational 
D) sensorimotor

Question 11

Six-year-old Gerean is taking music, dance, gymnastic, and art lessons each week as well as watching educational videos and going through stacks of math flashcards each night. Gerean's schedule likely illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) the "one-step-ahead strategy." 
B) forced teaching or "hothousing." 
C) adaptive processes of assimilation and accommodation. 
D) the method typically utilized for teaching formal operational thinking.

Question 12

According to research by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, children in high-quality day care were found to exhibit all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) better cognitive and language skills. 
B) behavior problems that did not exist beforehand. 
C) better relationships with their mothers. 
D) improved social skills.

Question 13

The long, ladder-like chains of chemical molecules that act as a code for genetic information are known as

Accepted Answer

A) DNA. 
B) gametes. 
C) ribosomes. 
D) neurilemmas.

Question 14

The average American infant is first able to sit alone, without support, around age

Accepted Answer

A) two months. 
B) four months. 
C) seven months. 
D) 11 months.

Question 15

Little Benjamin goes to the zoo with his mother, where he sees his first zebra. Proudly, he exclaims, "Horse!" His mother replies, "No dear, that's a zebra." Benjamin will have to modify his concept of horse to "horses don't have black and white stripes." By learning that a zebra is different from a horse, Benjamin is exhibiting which of the following processes, according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

A) assimilation 
B) accommodation 
C) conservation 
D) object permanence

Question 16

According to Erikson, a person will have a more difficult time dealing with later crises if the person

Accepted Answer

A) became fixated at a psychosocial stage. 
B) experienced overwhelming psychogenic anxiety. 
C) failed to resolve a psychosocial dilemma at a particular life stage. 
D) showed generativity regarding their resolution of other psychosocial stages.

Question 17

When children understand that rolling a ball of clay into a "snake" does not increase the amount of clay or that pouring liquid from a tall, narrow glass into a shallow dish does not reduce the amount of liquid, the children have developed

Accepted Answer

A) animism. 
B) object permanence. 
C) conservation. 
D) egocentric thought.

Question 18

A pattern of speech used when talking to infants that is marked by a higher-pitched voice; short, simple sentences; repetition; slower speech; and exaggerated voice inflections is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pattern of speech used when talking...

Question 19

Children continually gain specific knowledge and do NOT undergo stage-like leaps in general mental ability, according to

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget. 
B) the learning theorists. 
C) neurologists who view the growth of brain cell connections as occurring in waves. 
D) humanistic theorists.

Question 20

Erikson felt that each stage of development was distinguished by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) need for approval. 
B) psychosocial dilemma. 
C) sexual conflict. 
D) attachment dilemma.

Exam 3: Human Development