Question 1

The importance of heredity stems from the fact that it

Accepted Answer

A) is not subject to environmental influences. 
B) determines the overall health of the organism. 
C) sets the limits of development by providing a framework of potentials and limitations. 
D) is more fragile than the environment and, consequently, can be more changeable.

Question 2

According to Erikson, individuals in their 70s and 80s are facing a time of reflection and the psychosocial conflict of

Accepted Answer

A) generativity versus stagnation. 
B) integrity versus despair. 
C) identity versus role confusion. 
D) autonomy versus shame and doubt.

Question 3

Concerning ethnic differences, which culture tends to value individual effort and independence rather than interdependence and family loyalty?

Accepted Answer

A) African-American cultures 
B) Hispanic cultures 
C) Asian-American cultures 
D) Western cultures

Question 4

Keri is beginning to respond to real words, such as "no" and "hi," addresses her parents as "Mama" and "Dada," and is making her first connections between words and objects. Kerri is most likely __________ months old.

Accepted Answer

A) six 
B) nine 
C) 12 
D) 18

Question 5

Jamal wants to know how many baseball cards he has. His mother helps him stack and count the cards, moving each card to a new stack as it is counted. She then shows him how to write the number on a slip of paper so he can remember it. Jamal's mother is doing all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) teaching him an accurate way to count objects. 
B) teaching him that writing is valued in their culture. 
C) using scaffolding. 
D) using forced teaching.

Question 6

Jana is an easy baby who smiles and vocalizes frequently, which encourages her parents to smile and talk to her more. This, in turn, causes Jana to smile and interact with her parents more. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A) reciprocal influences in development. 
B) management techniques. 
C) a parental behavior that would occur even if Jana had a difficult temperament. 
D) emotional assimilation.

Question 7

It is difficult for younger children to understand why the driver of a car cannot see them if they can see the car. This illustrates the preoperational limitation known as

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) imprinting. 
C) egocentric thought. 
D) animism.

Question 8

One way to assess if a child understands that other people have their own mental states is to use the __________ task.

Accepted Answer

A) false-belief 
B) facial recognition 
C) impossible event 
D) hypothetical-deductive

Question 9

Which of the following teratogens tends to greatly reduce oxygen to the fetus, increase the risk of miscarriage, prematurity, and low birth weight with surviving children showing lower scores on language and mental abilities tests?

Accepted Answer

A) German measles 
B) maternal stress 
C) exposure to X-rays 
D) smoking by the mother

Question 10

Regarding early language development, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) By one month of age, infants are using crying to gain attention. 
B) Babies begin cooing around six to eight weeks of age. 
C) Cooing is the repetition of consonant and vowel sounds. 
D) When it first appears, babbling involves the same sounds for infants around the world.

Question 11

Parents typically switch to parentese when their child

Accepted Answer

A) begins cooing. 
B) begins babbling. 
C) says his or her first word. 
D) makes a pronunciation error.

Question 12

Dependent, immature children who frequently misbehave were most likely raised by __________ parents.

Accepted Answer

A) authoritarian 
B) authoritative 
C) generative 
D) overly permissive

Question 13

According to Vygotsky, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) Children learn most effectively when guidance is given on tasks within their zone of proximal development. 
B) During their interactions with children, adults unconsciously adjust their behavior to give children the information they need to solve problems that interest the child. 
C) During their collaborations with adults, children learn important cultural beliefs and values. 
D) Scaffolding is to be utilized only when the child requests this temporary help from the parent.

Question 14

When watching an electric train, Amy will look ahead to the end of the tunnel, rather than staring at the spot where the train disappeared. According to Piaget, Amy must be at least ___________ years old.

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) five

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT an example of ageism?

Accepted Answer

A) being considered unqualified for a job 
B) being considered "too old" for a job 
C) being considered "too young" for a job 
D) aversion, hatred, or rejection of the elderly

Question 16

Sometime after about 18 months, young children become able to recognize themselves in a mirror. It is not until this age that children first become able to experience the complex emotion of

Accepted Answer

A) embarrassment. 
B) contentment. 
C) interest. 
D) disgust.

Question 17

Inexperienced parents of newborn infants should be advised that

Accepted Answer

A) their child's affectional needs are at least as important as his or her physical needs. 
B) compared to a child's affectional needs, his or her physical needs are much more important. 
C) it is imperative that the child bond with only one adult. 
D) regardless of whether their affectional needs are met, children will naturally develop their capacity for warm and loving relationships.

Question 18

During the formal operations stage, children begin to

Accepted Answer

A) accurately use concepts of time, space, and number. 
B) think primarily about concrete objects or situations. 
C) develop the concept of object permanence. 
D) think in terms of abstract principles and hypothetical possibilities.

Question 19

A person's developmental level refers to that person's

Accepted Answer

A) current state of physical, emotional, and intellectual development. 
B) past state of health and physical development. 
C) future capabilities and potentials regarding intellectual development. 
D) future status in all developmental areas based on past measurements of health and well-being.

Question 20

Regarding the intellectual development of infants, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A) During the first months of life, babies are able to learn from what they see, make predictions, and search for explanations. 
B) Babies as young as eight weeks can imitate actions a day after seeing them. 
C) Three- to eight-week-old babies seem to understand that a person's voice and body should be connected. 
D) Although infants do not yet have much knowledge, they do have a remarkable capability for rapid learning.

Exam 3: Human Development