Question 1

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-What compensatory disorder could he develop?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 2

The most common base in humans:

Accepted Answer

A) is lactate. 
B) comes mainly from ingestion of fruits. 
C) comes mainly from ingestion of vegetables. 
D) is bicarbonate.

Question 3

The lungs regulate _____ levels, while the kidneys regulate _____ levels

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide, bicarbonate 
B) hydrogen ions, carbon dioxide 
C) bicarbonate, hydrogen ions 
D) oxygen, hydrogen ions

Question 4

What is the pH of water?

Accepted Answer

A) 6.3 
B) 7.0 
C) 7.5 
D) 8.0

Question 5

If the pH of urine drops below _____, it can become harmful to the body

Accepted Answer

A) 4.5 
B) 5.0 
C) 5.2 
D) 5.5

Question 6

When alkalosis occurs, the kidneys will respond by:

Accepted Answer

A) reducing the amount of HCO₃ reabsorbed. 
B) increasing the amount of HCO₃ reabsorbed. 
C) reducing the amount of hydrocarbonate. 
D) excreting inadequate amounts of calcium.

Question 7

Carbonic acid dissolves into _____ and _____

Accepted Answer

A) CO₂, water 
B) hydrogen ions, bicarbonate 
C) oxygen, carbon dioxide 
D) hydrogen ions, oxygen

Question 8

Changes in the level of carbon dioxide are detected in the _____ of the brain

Accepted Answer

A) hypothalamus 
B) medulla oblongata 
C) cerebrospinal fluid 
D) frontal lobe

Question 9

Case Study
             LD is a 56 yo M admitted 2° c/o shortness of breath and difficulty breathing and is diagnosed with pneumonia. He has a history of CHF, osteoarthritis, HTN, gout, and coronary artery disease.               Ht 5’9 ½” Wt 220#               LABS:       Na       133       ABGs:       ph       7.49       (7.35-7.45)                      CL       103              pCO2       30       (35-45)                      BUN       25              pO2       96       (80-100)                      Glu       207              HCO3       29       (21-28)                      K       4.1                                                  CO2       34                                                  Cr       1.7                                                  ALB       3.2                                                  CHOL       320                                  
-What acid-base disorder does LD have?

Accepted Answer

A) metabolic alkalosis 
B) metabolic acidosis 
C) respiratory alkalosis 
D) respiratory acidosis

Question 10

Metabolic alkalosis is a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) low amount of base 
B) excessive amount of base 
C) low amount of acid 
D) excessive amount of acid

Question 11

The _____ regulate(s) the concentration of HCO₃-

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) gallbladder 
C) kidneys 
D) liver

Question 12

Which of the following medications are involved in the etiology of respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A) blood thinners 
B) statins 
C) opiates 
D) diuretics

Question 13

Respiratory alkalosis is generally a result of conditions that cause which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) lethargy 
B) restlessness 
C) muscle twitching 
D) hyperventilation

Question 14

PH is defined as the:

Accepted Answer

A) ratio of bases to acids. 
B) ratio of volatile acids to nonvolatile acids. 
C) ratio of acids to bases.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of an inorganic nonvolatile acid?

Accepted Answer

A) phosphoric acid 
B) lactic acid 
C) hydroxybutyric acid 
D) bicarbonate

Question 16

Common laboratory measurements used to assess acid-base balance include all of the following except for:

Accepted Answer

A) carbon dioxide. 
B) anion gap. 
C) ammonia. 
D) bicarbonate.

Question 17

In regard to respiratory and renal control buffer systems, which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The kidneys work alone to respond to changes in pH. 
B) The kidneys' response time is faster than the response time of the lungs. 
C) The lungs work alone to respond to changes in pH. 
D) The lungs' response time is faster than the response time of the kidneys.

Exam 8: Acid-Base Balance