Question 1

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a source of difficulties in cross-cultural research on leadership?

Accepted Answer

A)  reluctance of people in some cultures to participate in the research 
B)  lack of equivalent meaning for measures used in different cultures 
C)  cultural response biases for rating forms and questionnaires 
D)  confounding of national culture with other situational variables

Question 2

In societies with strong performance orientation values, people are emphasized more than results.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Only a small number of studies have examined ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  how beliefs about effective leadership behavior are similar from one country to another 
B)  how beliefs about effective leadership traits are different from one country to another 
C)  how cultural values and leadership practices are both changing over time 
D)  cross-cultural differences in the actual pattern of leadership behavior

Question 4

Deviation from social norms may result in ________ and ________ from other members of the organization.

Accepted Answer

A)  diminished respect; increased social pressure 
B)  increased respect; decreased effectiveness 
C)  increased esteem; decreased social pressure 
D)  diminished insolence; increased effectiveness

Question 5

Which aspect of a global organization arises from the organization itself?

Accepted Answer

A)  espoused values and norms 
B)  national cultures 
C)  political and economic systems 
D)  history

Question 6

A possible explanation for the glass ceiling phenomenon is higher standards of performance for men.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Countries in which ________ is being replaced by ________ are likely to see a shift toward stronger individualism and performance-orientation values.

Accepted Answer

A)  socialism; capitalism 
B)  capitalism; socialism 
C)  an autocratic system; socialism 
D)  capitalism; an autocratic system

Question 8

What are culture clusters? Identify the 10 clusters developed by researchers, and for 2 of these clusters, list the countries that comprise them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are culture clusters? Identify the 10...

Question 9

The term ________ refers to the tendency of women to be more likely to be appointed to leadership positions that are risky and precarious.

Accepted Answer

A)  glass cliff 
B)  glass ceiling 
C)  gender egalitarianism 
D)  gender stereotype

Question 10

What effect do conceptions of power distance have on leadership?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What effect do conceptions of power distance...

Question 11

Countries in which strong gender differentiation is gradually replaced by gender equality can be expected to become more accepting of all of the following leadership practices EXCEPT ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturing 
B)  developing 
C)  high power distance 
D)  building cooperative relationships

Question 12

In high power distance cultures, people ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  expect leaders to have reduced authority 
B)  are less likely to comply with rules 
C)  are more likely to question directives 
D)  are less likely to challenge authority

Question 13

Cross-cultural research showed that Japanese managers were more likely to give negative feedback.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Societies with a strong humane orientation encourage and reward individuals for being friendly, caring, generous, and kind to others.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Why is cross-cultural research important?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is cross-cultural research important?...

Question 16

Assessment of gender differences is usually the primary purpose for conducting a survey field study on leadership

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

________ can take many forms, including differences in race, ethnic identity, age, gender, education, physical appearance, socioeconomic level, sexual orientation, and differences associated with a person's generation.

Accepted Answer

A)  Collectivism 
B)  Power distance 
C)  Diversity 
D)  Individualism

Question 18

The acronym GLOBE means "Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

In countries with high gender egalitarianism, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  there is more differentiation of sex roles 
B)  few jobs are segregated by gender 
C)  women have more equal opportunities 
D)  there is more bias in how leaders are evaluated

Question 20

To succeed as a global leader, one should develop personal qualities and capabilities that lead one to observe behavior, unravel nuances, build trust, and adapt one's approach to be successful in a particular cultural context.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 13: Cross-Cultural Leadership and Diversity

Which of the following is LEAST likely to be a source of difficulties in cross-cultural research on leadership?

In societies with strong performance orientation values, people are emphasized more than results.

Only a small number of studies have examined ________.

Deviation from social norms may result in and from other members of the organization.

Which aspect of a global organization arises from the organization itself?

A possible explanation for the glass ceiling phenomenon is higher standards of performance for men.

Countries in which is being replaced by are likely to see a shift toward stronger individualism and performance-orientation values.

What are culture clusters? Identify the 10 clusters developed by researchers, and for 2 of these clusters, list the countries that comprise them.

The term ________ refers to the tendency of women to be more likely to be appointed to leadership positions that are risky and precarious.

What effect do conceptions of power distance have on leadership?

Countries in which strong gender differentiation is gradually replaced by gender equality can be expected to become more accepting of all of the following leadership practices EXCEPT ________.

In high power distance cultures, people ________.

Cross-cultural research showed that Japanese managers were more likely to give negative feedback.

Societies with a strong humane orientation encourage and reward individuals for being friendly, caring, generous, and kind to others.

Why is cross-cultural research important?

Assessment of gender differences is usually the primary purpose for conducting a survey field study on leadership

________ can take many forms, including differences in race, ethnic identity, age, gender, education, physical appearance, socioeconomic level, sexual orientation, and differences associated with a person's generation.

The acronym GLOBE means "Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness."

In countries with high gender egalitarianism, ________.

To succeed as a global leader, one should develop personal qualities and capabilities that lead one to observe behavior, unravel nuances, build trust, and adapt one's approach to be successful in a particular cultural context.