Question 1

Imagine that you have studied for an exam in a noisy environment and your state of physiological arousal has been low while you were studying. If on the day of the exam you were given the test in a quiet environment and your physiological arousal was high (due to test anxiety), the concept of state-dependent memory would predict that your recall would be poor and the concept of context-dependent memory would predict that your recall would __________.

Accepted Answer

A) also be poor 
B) be good 
C) not be affected 
D) be significantly enhanced

Question 2

People often distort their memories by using ______________ to organize information in ways that fit in with their expectations and assumptions about the world.

Accepted Answer

A) selective amnesia 
B) retroactive interference 
C) journaling 
D) schemas

Question 3

If you take a large lecture class, you would probably see the same students every day in class, but you would have a difficult time recognizing all of them. Because most of these students are unimportant to you, you do not process their faces in a meaningful way, forgetting their faces as a result of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) encoding failure 
B) decay 
C) interference 
D) motivated forgetting

Question 4

Results from Hermann Ebbinghaus's studies of the forgetting process revealed that memory ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) decreased at a more or less constant rate over time 
B) decreased slowly at first and then sharply decreased after nine to ten days 
C) remained relatively constant for the first three to four days and gradually decreased after this 
D) decreased rapidly at first and then slowed noticeably afterward

Question 5

After cramming a lot of information for her finals, Ianna told her friend that her brain was full. She assured her friend that she would not be able to remember anything new until she forgot what she had learned for her classes. Is it possible for Ianna's long-term memory to be full?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes, and she will have to forget some things if she wants to learn anything new. 
B) No, because long-term storage capacity is unlimited. 
C) Yes, but she can still use her working memory. 
D) No, but only because Ianna is still young. 
E) Yes, though only if she has a below-average capacity.

Question 6

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment showing how people misremembered various elements of a unique Pacific Northwest Indian story is most strongly related to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Memory construction 
B) Retroactive amnesia 
C) Context-dependent memory 
D) Proactive interference

Question 7

Your friend Paulo was in a car crash and when you asked him what happened he could not remember anything immediately before the crash. Paulo is suffering from

Accepted Answer

A) retrograde amnesia 
B) anterograde amnesia 
C) proactive interference 
D) retroactive interference 
E) memory decay

Question 8

People with retrograde amnesia have problems with __________________ of information, while people with anterograde amnesia have problems with ______________ of information.

Accepted Answer

A) storing; encoding 
B) retrieval; encoding 
C) retrieval; recognition 
D) encoding; retrieval 
E) encoding; storing

Question 9

Individuals who reported recovered memories of alien abduction showed __________ in a lab situation.

Accepted Answer

A) faulty source monitoring 
B) increased arousal 
C) hippocampal activity 
D) false recall

Question 10

The amnesia patient H.M. was able to correctly perform a mirror-tracing task, but he had no recollection of ever having learned it. This example most clearly illustrates the difference between _________________ memory and ____________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A) explicit; declarative 
B) procedural; declarative 
C) implicit; non-declarative 
D) semantic; episodic

Question 11

A researcher who damages particular parts of an animal's brain and then observes the impact of this damage on memory and learning is involved in what is considered to be a non-human animal lesion experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Research has found that the primacy effect disappears if

Accepted Answer

A) recall is delayed for 5 to 10 seconds 
B) recall is delayed for 15 to 30 seconds and participants are given a more demanding task 
C) the words are presented more quickly, thus preventing participants from rehearsing the early words 
D) the participants are specifically told to use maintenance rehearsal while the list is being read

Question 13

Memories are...

Accepted Answer

A) like high-resolution video recordings: They're the same every time we remember or "play" them and include most details visible to the human eye. 
B) reconstructed: We have to rebuild them every time we remember something. 
C) objective rather than subjective: We remember things as they really happened. 
D) due to arousal theory: They have to do with needing stimulus in our lives. 
E) like low-resolution video recordings: they're the same every time we remember or "play" them, however they are often lacking in details.

Question 14

A patient arrives at the emergency room and seems to have difficulty with various aspects of working memory. You might expect damage to the

Accepted Answer

A) temporal lobes 
B) motor cortex 
C) frontal lobes 
D) somatosensory cortex 
E) occipital lobes

Question 15

Researchers now believe that memories are not stored like video recordings at various locations in the brain, but rather, are distributed throughout the brain. The region of the brain that plays an important role in consolidating our memories before they are stored across the brain is the _______________.

Accepted Answer

A) brain stem 
B) parietal lobe 
C) thalamus 
D) hippocampus

Question 16

When learning her spelling words for the vocabulary test, Yvonne forms a visual image of each word as she reads it out loud. According to a certain theory, using this method her memory for the words will be greater than if she had simply read them out loud. This is referred to as the __________________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A) encoding specificity 
B) chunking 
C) maintenance 
D) dual coding

Question 17

Because it requires people to attend to the meaning of the information being presented, elaborative rehearsal is more effective in terms of facilitating the process where information is effectively stored in long-term memory than _____________________.

Accepted Answer

A) repetitive rehearsal 
B) maintenance rehearsal 
C) mere exposure 
D) chunking

Question 18

The intentional processing of information that requires conscious attention is called ________________ processing.

Accepted Answer

A) sensory 
B) effortful 
C) implicit memory 
D) automatic

Question 19

When a psychology student is having a hard time recalling information learned in chapter 2 of this textbook because they have learned a lot of material in chapters 3,4,5 and 6 then this is because of a proactive interference?

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The phenomenon of state-dependent memory can be understood by applying the principle of encoding specificity to external stimuli and cues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 8: Memory

People often distort their memories by using ______________ to organize information in ways that fit in with their expectations and assumptions about the world.

Results from Hermann Ebbinghaus's studies of the forgetting process revealed that memory ____________.

After cramming a lot of information for her finals, Ianna told her friend that her brain was full. She assured her friend that she would not be able to remember anything new until she forgot what she had learned for her classes. Is it possible for Ianna's long-term memory to be full?

Sir Frederick Bartlett's experiment showing how people misremembered various elements of a unique Pacific Northwest Indian story is most strongly related to which of the following?

Your friend Paulo was in a car crash and when you asked him what happened he could not remember anything immediately before the crash. Paulo is suffering from

People with retrograde amnesia have problems with ____ of information, while people with anterograde amnesia have problems with of information.

Individuals who reported recovered memories of alien abduction showed __________ in a lab situation.

The amnesia patient H.M. was able to correctly perform a mirror-tracing task, but he had no recollection of ever having learned it. This example most clearly illustrates the difference between _____ memory and memory.

A researcher who damages particular parts of an animal's brain and then observes the impact of this damage on memory and learning is involved in what is considered to be a non-human animal lesion experiment.

Research has found that the primacy effect disappears if

Memories are...

A patient arrives at the emergency room and seems to have difficulty with various aspects of working memory. You might expect damage to the

Because it requires people to attend to the meaning of the information being presented, elaborative rehearsal is more effective in terms of facilitating the process where information is effectively stored in long-term memory than _____________________.

The intentional processing of information that requires conscious attention is called ________________ processing.

When a psychology student is having a hard time recalling information learned in chapter 2 of this textbook because they have learned a lot of material in chapters 3,4,5 and 6 then this is because of a proactive interference?

The phenomenon of state-dependent memory can be understood by applying the principle of encoding specificity to external stimuli and cues.