Question 1

Let's say that you have a strong fear of flying. To treat this fear, your therapist asks you to enter a plane and fly until you are no longer showing anxiety. Your therapist has just used the technique of

Accepted Answer

A) counterconditioning 
B) implosion 
C) flooding 
D) systematic desensitization 
E) aversion therapy

Question 2

Carl Rogers was convinced that the most important curative agent in psychotherapy is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the development of insight 
B) the increased awareness of negative thoughts 
C) the relationship between client and therapist 
D) actualization

Question 3

Two key assumptions of the ___________ approach to therapy are that psychological disorders are learned in exactly the same way as normal behaviours are and that they can be treated by applying the basic principles of learning.

Accepted Answer

A) biological 
B) interpersonal 
C) humanistic 
D) behavioural

Question 4

A previously positive conditioned stimulus (CS) is paired with a noxious stimulus in an attempt to eliminate the undesirable behaviour evoked by the CS in _________________________.

Accepted Answer

A) avoidance therapy 
B) systematic desensitization 
C) negative exposure therapy 
D) aversion therapy

Question 5

Martin Seligman's "Consumer Reports" survey regarding the utility of psychotherapy could be criticized on the grounds that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a very small percentage of those contacted actually responded to the survey 
B) he failed to make appropriate use of meta-analysis techniques 
C) his survey assessed clinical efficacy when it should have assessed real-life effectiveness 
D) his survey was unrealistic and failed to assess the real-world use of psychotherapy

Question 6

Which of the following individuals made a major criticism of therapy in the 1950s by showing that people recovered from psychological problems as well without treatment as they did when seeing a psychotherapist?

Accepted Answer

A) Albert Ellis 
B) Hans Eysenck 
C) Fritz Perls 
D) Aaron Beck

Question 7

Research on cultural competency in therapists suggests that training does not successfully increase cultural competency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Surveys suggest that among people between the ages of 18 and 74 those who use anti-anxiety drugs to treat their symptoms of anxiety are approximately ___________.

Accepted Answer

A) 5 percent 
B) 10 percent 
C) 15 percent 
D) 25 percent

Question 9

Of the alternatives below, a factor NOT shared by diverse forms of therapy is

Accepted Answer

A) a belief on the part of clients that they are receiving help 
B) an alternative way for clients to look at themselves and their problems 
C) guidance on how clients can overcome their problems 
D) an opportunity for the client to practise new behaviours

Question 10

Imagine that you are looking for a way increase the frequency of certain behaviours that you want to encourage in a child, while reducing the incidence of behaviours you want to discourage. What method would be appropriate for that purpose?

Accepted Answer

A) aversion therapy 
B) transference 
C) tardive dyskinesia 
D) behaviour modification 
E) recalibration therapy

Question 11

To increase the insight of their clients, psychoanalysts use the primary therapeutic technique of ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) resistance 
B) transference 
C) interpretation 
D) free association

Question 12

You are treating a patient and want to use a behaviour therapy. However, the hospital insists that the therapy must be based on operant conditioning. Which of the following should you choose?

Accepted Answer

A) Flooding 
B) Implosion 
C) Counterconditioing 
D) Aversion therapy 
E) A token economy

Question 13

Though Ripley typically thinks of himself as an A/B student, when he receives a C in British literature he's thrilled. He tells his sister that he was confused throughout the class and expected to fail it completely. Ripley feels better than he might have had he received the grade in another class due to

Accepted Answer

A) the fact that British literature is a notoriously difficult subject. 
B) his belief system about the subject and the grade. 
C) the fact that a C in one class won't destroy his grade point average. 
D) his sister's support. 
E) repression.

Question 14

During your psychoanalytic therapy session, you begin to treat the therapist with feelings of intense affection. You even think that perhaps you are falling in love. In psychodynamic terms, this can be explained by

Accepted Answer

A) positive resistance 
B) positive transference 
C) negative transference 
D) negative resistance 
E) interpretation

Question 15

As part of a smoking cessation program, Paul receives an injection of a nausea-inducing drug and then is asked to smoke a cigarette. Even though he knows he is receiving the drug, it is hoped that Paul will associate the nausea symptoms with smoking and will thus smoke less. This example best demonstrates the procedures typically used in

Accepted Answer

A) aversion therapy 
B) electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) 
C) negative exposure therapy 
D) avoidance therapy

Question 16

Studies showing that most of the therapeutic improvement of clients occurs by the 10th session of psychodynamic therapy were presented to make the argument that

Accepted Answer

A) traditional long-term psychoanalysis yields significantly better patient outcomes than brief psychodynamic therapy does 
B) there is little empirical evidence supporting the psychodynamic concept of resistance 
C) interpretations do not appear to be necessary for psychodynamic therapy to be effective 
D) brief psychodynamic therapy is a viable and effective alternative to traditional psychoanalysis

Question 17

A company offers its employees a class in stress management and relaxation techniques in the hopes that it will ultimately help employees remain healthier and miss less time at work. Such an intervention program would best be classified as an example of

Accepted Answer

A) situation-focused prevention 
B) culturally-focused prevention 
C) biologically-focused prevention 
D) competency-focused prevention 
E) relationally-focused prevention

Question 18

Which of the following is not a major category of therapies for psychological disorders discussed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A) behavioural 
B) cognitive 
C) psychodynamic 
D) biological 
E) Binet

Question 19

Exposure therapy is based almost entirely on the principles of operant conditioning.

Accepted Answer