Question 1

Anatomic alterations found in the lungs of patients with a fungal infection include:
1) fibrosis of lung parenchyma.
2) alveolar-capillary destruction.
3) hyperinflation.
4) mucosal edema.

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 2 
B) 2, 3 
C) 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 2

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the fungal culture test?

Accepted Answer

A)  A large amount of blood is needed. 
B)  It has a high false-positive and is not very accurate. 
C)  It takes 4 weeks or longer for the fungus to grow. 
D)  A large amount of lymph node tissue is needed.

Question 3

Following a cerebrovascular accident, a patient lying in the supine position aspirated gastric contents. In what area(s) of the lungs would a lung abscess be most likely to develop?
1) Posterior segments of the upper lobes
2) Apical segments of the upper lobes
3) Superior segments of the lower lobes
4) Anterior segments of both lower lobes

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 1, 3 
C) 1, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 4

If a patient has pneumonia, which of the following can increase the risk for life-threatening illness or death?
1) Weakened immune system
2) COPD
3) Marfan's syndrome
4) Heart disease

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 2, 4 
C) 1, 2, 3 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 5

In the Midwestern part of the United States, what is the most common fungal infection of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cryptococcosis 
B)  Histoplasmosis 
C)  Blastomycosis 
D)  Coccidioidomycosis

Question 6

Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with advanced fungal pneumonia will display which of the following?
1) Increased ERV
2) Decreased IRV
3) Decreased IC
4) Increased TLC

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 4 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Question 7

Which parts of the lungs are most commonly affected by a fungal infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mainstem bronchi 
B)  Lingula 
C)  Lower lobes 
D)  Upper lobes

Question 8

Which of the following are considered to cause an opportunistic fungal infection?
1) Candida albicans
2) Aspergillus
3) Coccidioides immitis
4) Cryptococcus neoformans

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 4

Question 9

A skin test is available to confirm which of the following fungal infections?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coccidioidomycosis 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Tuberculosis 
D)  Pseudomonal infection

Question 10

Which type of fungal lung infection frequently results in productive cough with purulent sputum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcal infection 
B)  Blastomycosis 
C)  Klebsiella infection 
D)  Histoplasmosis

Question 11

What is the recommended treatment for a lung abscess caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neomycin 
B)  Linezolid 
C)  Penicillin 
D)  Clindamycin

Question 12

An unconscious patient aspirated gastric contents. Which of the following anaerobic microorganisms would likely now be found in her lower respiratory tract?
1) Legionella pneumophila
2) Pseudomonas aeruginosa
3) Peptococci
4) Bacteroides fragilis

Accepted Answer

A) 1, 3 
B) 3, 4 
C) 1, 3, 4 
D) 2, 3, 4

Question 13

A patient has a pleural effusion and atelectasis related to her pneumonia. Which of the following therapies should the respiratory therapist recommend as treatment for the pleural effusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hyperinflation therapy 
B)  Supplemental oxygen 
C)  Thoracentesis 
D)  Percussion and postural drainage

Question 14

Severe acute respiratory syndrome is believed to be caused by:

Accepted Answer

A)  an arthropod. 
B)  HIV infection. 
C)  a coronavirus. 
D)  H5N1.

Question 15

What is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungal culture test 
B)  Blood serum antigen levels 
C)  Chest x-ray 
D)  Fungal culture

Question 16

A 28-year-old patient who has dogs, parakeets, and cats as pets has been admitted with pneumonia. It is suspected that she acquired the infection from one of her pets. What organism is likely to be found in her sputum?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bacteroides melaninogenicus 
B)  Staphylococcus aureus 
C)  Chlamydia psittaci 
D)  Haemophilus influenzae

Question 17

The respiratory therapist heard a pleural friction rub while performing a chest assessment on a patient with a lung abscess. What does this likely indicate?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lungs are hyperinflated. 
B)  Hemoptysis has developed. 
C)  The abscess is located near the pleural surface. 
D)  A pneumothorax has developed.

Question 18

Which of the following are considered to be normal causative agents for community-acquired pneumonia?
1) Staphylococcal pneumonia
2) Haemophilus influenza
3) Legionella pneumophila
4) Candida albicans

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2, 3 
C) 2, 3, 4 
D) 1, 2, 3

Exam 18: Pneumonia, Lung Abscess Formation, and Important Fungal Diseases

Anatomic alterations found in the lungs of patients with a fungal infection include: 1) fibrosis of lung parenchyma. 2) alveolar-capillary destruction. 3) hyperinflation. 4) mucosal edema.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of the fungal culture test?

If a patient has pneumonia, which of the following can increase the risk for life-threatening illness or death? 1) Weakened immune system 2) COPD 3) Marfan's syndrome 4) Heart disease

In the Midwestern part of the United States, what is the most common fungal infection of the lungs?

Pulmonary function testing results on a patient with advanced fungal pneumonia will display which of the following? 1) Increased ERV 2) Decreased IRV 3) Decreased IC 4) Increased TLC

Which parts of the lungs are most commonly affected by a fungal infection?

Which of the following are considered to cause an opportunistic fungal infection? 1) Candida albicans 2) Aspergillus 3) Coccidioides immitis 4) Cryptococcus neoformans