Question 1

Daniel shows hyperactivity but not inattention.What will a psychiatrist say when Daniel is assessed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?

Accepted Answer

A) Symptoms must be present in both symptom clusters. 
B) Symptoms must be present in the area of impulsivity. 
C) Symptoms must be present in either of the symptom clusters. 
D) Symptoms must be present in the hyperactivity cluster.

Question 2

Individuals who have cognitive impairments that result from a combination of psychosocial and biological influences are sometimes referred to as having which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) a cultural-familial intellectual disability 
B) Down Syndrome 
C) Fragile X syndrome 
D) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome

Question 3

When sitting with a parent in front of a favourite toy, young children will typically look back and forth between the parent and toy, smiling, in an attempt to engage the parent with the toy.What would a child with autism spectrum disorder most likely do in this situation?

Accepted Answer

A) The child would not display this behaviour at all with the parent. 
B) The child would engage in this behaviour only after watching another child do so. 
C) The child would typically talk to the toy but not to the parent. 
D) The child would show little or no interest in the toy.

Question 4

What do individuals with intellectual disability show?

Accepted Answer

A) similar types of deficits, although the degree of deficit varies greatly 
B) similar types and degree of deficits 
C) varied types and degree of deficits 
D) varied types of deficits, although the degree of deficit tends to be quite similar

Question 5

Which term refers to difficulties during labour and delivery that lead to intellectual disabilities?

Accepted Answer

A) environmental influences 
B) postnatal influences 
C) prenatal influences 
D) perinatal influences

Question 6

What is known regarding the role genetics plays in influencing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) There appears to be multiple genetic influences. 
B) There are no known genetic influences. 
C) There appears to be a single gene of influence. 
D) Defects on the Y chromosome are the major influence.

Question 7

What have the results of behavioural treatment targeting the socialization deficits of individuals with autism spectrum disorder shown?

Accepted Answer

A) some improvement in the quality of socialization but little improvement in the quantity of social contacts 
B) some improvement in quantity of socialization but little improvement in the quality of social contacts 
C) no improvement 
D) substantial improvement in both the quantity and quality of social contacts

Question 8

What did Klein and colleagues (2012) find in their longitudinal study of boys diagnosed with ADHD and a comparison group without ADHD?

Accepted Answer

A) They found that 74 percent of the ADHD group were employed, compared to 80 percent in the comparison group. 
B) Males in the ADHD group were employed at jobs with lower status than those in the comparison group. 
C) Most boys in the comparison group did not complete high school. 
D) There were no differences in employment level or employment status between the ADHD group and the comparison group.

Question 9

Adil has been diagnosed with ADHD and a second disorder.What is that second disorder most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

A) autism spectrum disorder 
B) conduct disorder 
C) learning disorders 
D) anorexia

Question 10

When a child with a learning disability does not receive special education, what is the average length of employment at a given job for them as an adult?

Accepted Answer

A) one week 
B) one month 
C) three months 
D) one year

Question 11

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children have a learning disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 3 
C) 5 
D) 12

Question 12

Taylor has learned through amniocentesis that her unborn child has a disorder.Which of the following could that disorder be?

Accepted Answer

A) ADHD 
B) autism spectrum disorder 
C) Down Syndrome 
D) Tourette's syndrome

Question 13

Which treatment is primarily suggested for learning disorders?

Accepted Answer

A) biological treatment 
B) cognitive-behavioural therapy 
C) parenting training 
D) educational intervention

Question 14

Which term refers to the mutations that may occur in the sperm of fathers or the eggs of the mothers that may influence the development of autism spectrum disorder?

Accepted Answer

A) X mutations 
B) de novo 
C) hypsarrhythmia 
D) cytomegalovirus

Question 15

According to research by Lovaas (1987), when do children with autism spectrum disorder show the greatest intellectual and educational improvement?

Accepted Answer

A) when they are treated in group behavioural therapy 
B) when they are placed in special education classrooms 
C) when they are placed in regular classrooms 
D) when they are treated with medication

Question 16

How does attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) develop as children grow into adulthood?

Accepted Answer

A) Manifestations of ADHD tend to change over time, but many problems often persist. 
B) Specific symptoms remain relatively stable throughout the life span for most individuals. 
C) ADHD tends to evolve into more severe forms of pathology. 
D) Children tend to outgrow ADHD.

Question 17

Sophie has autism spectrum disorder and is not responding to the speech-training technique known as "shaping and discrimination training." What other form of treatment might her therapist choose?

Accepted Answer

A) They can use children's music videos that have simple, repetitive lyrics. 
B) They can use imitation techniques. 
C) They can place the children in settings with other children with autism spectrum disorder without speech, so these children can develop their own methods of communication. 
D) They can use devices with vocal output.

Question 18

Fragile X syndrome is caused by an abnormality on the X chromosome.Which of the following groups does it affect?

Accepted Answer

A) only females 
B) only males 
C) males and females 
D) primarily males but female carriers may display disabilities also

Question 19

One view of the social deficits of people with autism spectrum disorder is that they lack a theory of mind.Other researchers have argued that problems on theory-of-mind tasks may have another cause.What might that cause be?

Accepted Answer

A) an unwillingness to carry on conversations with others 
B) an inability to pretend 
C) attention deficits 
D) more general difficulties with executive functioning

Question 20

Approximately what percentage of people with an intellectual disability are classified as mildly intellectually disabled?

Accepted Answer

A) 25 
B) 50 
C) 70 
D) 90

Exam 15: Neurocognitive Disorders

Daniel shows hyperactivity but not inattention.What will a psychiatrist say when Daniel is assessed for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) ?