Question 1

An experimental technique called "transcranial magnetic stimulation" has been used in some patients with schizophrenia.What is the purpose of this treatment?

Accepted Answer

A)  to reduce symptoms of thought disorder
B)  to reduce the negative side effects of antipsychotic medications
C)  to block auditory hallucinations
D)  to modulate negative symptoms such as social withdrawal C

Question 2

Brown and colleagues (1962) followed a sample of people who had been discharged from the hospital after an episode of schizophrenic symptoms.What did the researchers find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who had limited contact with their relatives did worse than patients who spent longer periods with their families.
B)  If the mothers of the patients had schizophrenia, the patients did better.
C)  If the mothers of the patients did not have schizophrenia, the patients did better.
D)  Those who had limited contact with their relatives did better than patients who spent longer periods with their families. D

Question 3

What do cross-cultural studies of schizophrenia suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Schizophrenia is universal in its prevalence, course, and outcome.
B)  Schizophrenia is more prevalent in developing countries.
C)  Schizophrenia is largely a Western phenomenon.
D)  Schizophrenia is universal, but it may vary in its course and outcome across cultures. D

Question 4

How is behavioural family therapy used to treat schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  It awards tokens for appropriate behaviour and takes away tokens for disruptive behaviour.
B)  It provides education about schizophrenia and its treatment, and communication and problem-solving skills.
C)  It provides positive reinforcement of appropriate family interactions by therapists.
D)  It establishes guidelines for identifying and reducing expressed emotion.

Question 5

After Martha's last final examination, she began experiencing auditory hallucinations and told her friends about her plans to reunite all missing children from around the world with their parents.Martha's friends were relieved two weeks later when Martha reported that she was not hearing any voices and did not have any plans for reuniting missing children.What had Martha most likely experienced?

Accepted Answer

A)  an undiagnosable event
B)  a schizophreniform disorder
C)  a brief psychotic disorder
D)  a delusional disorder

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a type of symptom in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  positive
B)  negative
C)  manic
D)  disorganized

Question 7

Which factor is NOT related to patients' noncompliance with a medication regimen for treatment of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  poor social support
B)  cognitive impairments causing the individual to forget
C)  negative doctor-patient relationships
D)  cost of the medication

Question 8

Which statement best describes the onset of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most people with schizophrenia develop symptoms in their teen years.
B)  Most people with schizophrenia develop symptoms in their 40s.
C)  The probability of developing schizophrenia is greater for males than for females until age 36.
D)  The probability of developing schizophrenia is greater for females than for males until age 36.

Question 9

Allen is convinced that his brother has been replaced by an imposter.What aspect of schizophrenia is Allen displaying?

Accepted Answer

A)  delusional disorder
B)  Capgras syndrome
C)  schizoaffective disorder
D)  folie à deux

Question 10

Jack was recently arrested, for the fifth time, for stalking a local media celebrity who he believes is in love with him.This is a persistent and strongly held belief of Jack's, but it is his only symptom.What disorder does Jack most likely have?

Accepted Answer

A)  brief psychotic disorder
B)  delusional disorder
C)  erotic schizophrenia
D)  disorganized paranoid disorder

Question 11

When did researchers observe that the ventricles of the brain of people with schizophrenia where enlarged?

Accepted Answer

A)  1907
B)  1927
C)  1947
D)  1967

Question 12

In the 1970s, researchers set up a treatment system called a "token economy" in a mental health centre.What is the focus of this type of treatment for patients with schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  language and speech
B)  routines for self-control
C)  socialization and self-care skills
D)  the self-monitoring of hallucinations

Question 13

What is a "token economy"?

Accepted Answer

A)  a system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia "save up" or "bank" privileges for tasks performed on the hospital ward
B)  a system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia are praised for appropriate behaviour and given "time outs" for disruptive behaviour
C)  a system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia learn appropriate behaviours through social modelling by staff
D)  a system in which hospitalized patients with schizophrenia earn "tokens" for appropriate behaviour and lose tokens for disruptive behaviour

Question 14

If one identical twin has schizophrenia, what is the probability that the other identical twin also has the disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent
B)  25 percent
C)  50 percent
D)  100 percent

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a persecutory delusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that people are out to get you
B)  the belief that a body part has changed in some impossible way
C)  the belief that a familiar person is actually a double
D)  the belief that you are a famous or important person

Question 16

What was included in the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive symptoms
B)  subtypes of schizophrenia
C)  risk of violence assessment
D)  dimensional assessment of the symptoms

Question 17

When looking for abnormalities in the brain as clues to the influences of schizophrenia, it is important to keep certain questions in mind when doing correlational research.For example, if a person with schizophrenia were found to have an excess of dopamine, a researcher would need to ask certain questions.Which of the following is NOT one of these questions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Why is the dopamine system active in the schizophrenic brain?
B)  Is there some factor that causes both schizophrenia and an excess of dopamine?
C)  Does too much dopamine cause schizophrenia?
D)  Does having schizophrenia cause an excess of dopamine?

Question 18

Toward the end of the 19th century, the German psychiatrist Emil Kraepelin used a term to refer to an onset of symptoms that often occurs before adulthood, and what we now call schizophrenia.What was that term?

Accepted Answer

A)  folie à deux
B)  dementia praecox
C)  adolescent insanity
D)  hebephrenia

Question 19

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasite implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia.In which species is the parasite most often found?

Accepted Answer

A)  cats
B)  dogs
C)  birds
D)  bats

Question 20

Which of the following has been proven regarding neurotransmitters and schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

A)  The drug L-dopa has been very effective in stabilizing dopamine in the schizophrenic brain.
B)  Two dopamine sites are of particular interest in the schizophrenic brain-D5 and D6.
C)  The neurotransmitter dopamine is too active in a person with schizophrenia.
D)  The neurotransmitter dopamine is underactive in a person with schizophrenia.

Exam 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders