Question 1

Task orientation is to person orientation as

Accepted Answer

A)  job enrichment is to job satisfaction. 
B)  Theory X leadership is to Theory Y leadership. 
C)  Theory Y leadership is to job satisfaction. 
D)  job enrichment is to Theory X leadership.

Question 2

Rather than being communal, most people expect good leaders to be independent, confident, ambitious, objective, dominant, and forceful, which is referred to as being __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rather than being communal, most people expect...

Question 3

Regarding teaching styles, which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  At present, it looks as if a balance of teaching styles goes hand in hand with a balanced education. 
B)  Direct instruction is somewhat better when learning is measured by tests of abstract thinking, creativity, and problem-solving. 
C)  Discovery learning is slightly better when learning is measured by use of achievement test scores. 
D)  Direct instruction tends to produce students who are more independent, curious, and positive in their attitudes toward school.

Question 4

Which of the following is common during "flow" or peak performance?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatigue and intense pain 
B)  a feeling that time is racing by 
C)  a lack of concentration 
D)  detachment

Question 5

Two techniques that make Theory Y and transformational leadership styles effective are

Accepted Answer

A)  shared leadership and management by objectives. 
B)  time-and-motion studies and task analysis. 
C)  scientific management and variable pay schedules. 
D)  job specialization and task analysis.

Question 6

The design of all current personal computers is a "desk metaphor," which presents images, such as "files," "folders," and "trash can." This is an example of __________ design.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural 
B)  intuitive 
C)  convergent 
D)  divergent

Question 7

Some of the most useful items of biodata include

Accepted Answer

A)  conflict with brothers and sisters. 
B)  parents' socioeconomic status. 
C)  social popularity. 
D)  all of these.

Question 8

Chet wants to provide job enrichment for his employees.He can accomplish this in all of the following ways EXCEPT by

Accepted Answer

A)  having the employees complete an isolated part of the larger process so that they are solely responsible for one important part of the process. 
B)  encouraging his employees to learn a broad range of skills and information related to their occupations. 
C)  switching his employees to doing a complete cycle of work on the product. 
D)  giving his employees greater freedom, choice, and authority on the job.

Question 9

Which of the following was observed in children subjected to noise pollution while attending school near an airport?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher blood pressure 
B)  the development of stomach ulcers 
C)  increased aggression toward teachers 
D)  hearing damage

Question 10

Managers who assume that workers must be coerced or goaded into being productive typically use __________ techniques.

Accepted Answer

A)  participative management 
B)  Theory X leadership 
C)  management by objectives 
D)  Theory Y leadership

Question 11

Compared to students living in smaller suites, students in long, narrow corridor-design dormitories exhibited which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Students in long corridor-design dormitories felt less crowded and less stressed. 
B)  Students in long corridor-design dormitories tended to withdraw from others and made fewer friends. 
C)  Students in long corridor-design dormitories experienced fewer illnesses and fewer trips to the campus health center. 
D)  Students in long corridor-design dormitories exhibited all of these characteristics.

Question 12

Calhoun's study of overcrowding showed that rats in overcrowded conditions reproduced more rapidly and increased their maternal behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Regarding mock juries, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychologists use mock juries to help understand how real jurors vote. 
B)  Mock juries may be given written evidence and arguments to read before making a decision. 
C)  Mock juries may watch videotaped trials staged by actors. 
D)  Mock juries ask questions of eyewitnesses to prepare them to present to the actual juries.

Question 14

Zach is using psychological principles and research methods to determine methods for athletes to reach their peak performance, while Anna is utilizing psychological principles in developing ways to alleviate traffic jams in growing cities.Both of these psychologists are working in the field known as __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

A)  basic research 
B)  comparative 
C)  applied 
D)  forensic

Question 15

Jessica and Tanya are both applying for the same job.Although Tanya has more experience in the area of the job in which she is applying, Jessica gets a higher rating from the interviewers because of her more extroverted personality and her more striking physical appearance.This tendency for the interviewers to have a favorable impression of Jessica and less favorable impression of Tanya is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  the halo effect. 
B)  impression management. 
C)  the critical incidents effect. 
D)  the biodata discrepancy phenomenon.

Question 16

In general, the fewer spaces people must pass through to get from one part of a building to another, the less stressed and crowded they feel.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Sid has always enjoyed working on his grandfather's farm and tinkering with engines in the tractors and the other heavy machinery.If Sid were to take an interest inventory, his interest would most likely be within which theme area?

Accepted Answer

A)  realistic 
B)  enterprising 
C)  conventional 
D)  investigative

Question 18

Immediately after instructing his students on a new topic, Juan asks them a few questions, encourages them to make responses, and gives them feedback regarding the correctness of these responses.This part of the teaching strategy in which he praises, encourages, and gives his students feedback is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus presentation. 
B)  learner preparation. 
C)  mental association. 
D)  reinforcement.

Question 19

Work efficiency is to psychological efficiency as

Accepted Answer

A)  job enrichment is to job satisfaction. 
B)  Theory X leadership is to Theory Y leadership. 
C)  management by objectives is to job enrichment. 
D)  job enrichment is to Theory X leadership.

Question 20

Which of the following popularized the concept of "the tragedy of the commons"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Douglas McGregor 
B)  Leon Festinger 
C)  Garrett Hardin 
D)  Donald Norman

Exam 18: Applied Psychology.