Question 1

A person who is concerned about his or her health, but who continues to drink large amounts of alcohol, is making an error in judgment called ignoring the base rate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Cognitive psychologist Lera Boroditsky has reported that aboriginal children from Cape York, Australia, can accurately point to any compass direction as early as age five, while most Americans cannot do this even as adults.Boroditsky believes this is due to the exclusive use of absolute directional references within the language spoken by the aboriginals of Cape York as opposed to the relative directional references used in the English language, which lends support to the

Accepted Answer

A)  law of linguistic effect. 
B)  linguistic relativity hypothesis. 
C)  semantic differential. 
D)  transformation rule hypothesis.

Question 3

An instructor concentrates so much on the information to be put on her PowerPoint slide that she fails to note the need to use contrast for easy visibility of the text.In attempting to solve the problem of creating effective slides for her students, this instructor is exhibiting which type of barrier to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  emotional 
B)  cultural 
C)  learned 
D)  perceptual

Question 4

A prerequisite for creativity seems to be

Accepted Answer

A)  superior intelligence. 
B)  somewhat bizarre or eccentric life styles. 
C)  a greater-than-average range of knowledge and interests. 
D)  a preference for simplicity.

Question 5

Although Mark looked in the dictionary for the definition of the word "liberal," he still would find it offensive if someone referred to him as "liberal." Thus, Mark's negative view of the word "liberal" represents, for him, this concept's __________ meaning.

Accepted Answer

A)  denotative 
B)  connotative 
C)  conjunctive 
D)  disjunctive

Question 6

Archimedes was asked by the king to determine whether the goldsmith in making his crown had cheated the king by substituting cheaper metals.When Archimedes checked on known methods for analyzing metals, he found that all involved cutting or melting the crown.Then, the solution to the crown problem came to Archimedes suddenly when he was getting into his overly full bath and observed that the level of water rose as he stepped in.This same principle, he reasoned, could be used in determining the crown's volume.Then, legend has it that Archimedes ran naked through the streets shouting, "Eureka, Eureka," an activity which is not a requirement of this stage of rapid insight known as

Accepted Answer

A)  preparation. 
B)  incubation. 
C)  illumination. 
D)  verification.

Question 7

To help understand electricity, Researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you​

Accepted Answer

A)  ​use a mnemonic system to devise an acrostic to describe the process. 
B)  ​picture the wires as large pipes with electrons the size of golf balls moving through the pipes. 
C)  ​study electrical diagrams from different perspectives. 
D)  ​follow an actual electrical wiring system form its source to its utility usage.

Question 8

Regarding creativity, mental illness, and personality disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  ​In general, mentally ill people tend to be creative, and most highly creative people tend to suffer from mental illness. 
B)  ​One study found that parents with a history of mood swings, as well as their children, scored higher in creativity than did normal parents and their children. 
C)  ​Many of history's renowned artists, writers, poets, and composers, including Vincent Van Gogh, Edgar Allan Poe, Winston Churchill, and Ernest Hemmingway experienced pronounced mood swings. 
D)  ​Creative people are unconventional and nonconforming primarily in their work; otherwise, they do not have unusual, outlandish, or bizarre personalities.

Question 9

A corporate manager wants to solve a business problem but becomes stern and angry when members of his marketing team joke playfully about possible solutions.This manager is exhibiting which barrier to problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural 
B)  learned 
C)  perceptual 
D)  emotional

Question 10

Research has shown that expert skills are based on

Accepted Answer

A)  learned heuristics and systematic information. 
B)  rote memory and random search strategies. 
C)  algorithms and trial-and-error strategies. 
D)  a general strengthening of the mind and exceptional memories.

Question 11

The basic speech sounds of a language are called morphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Your visual representation of a bakery may also include its wonderful odor and the delicious taste of its baked goods.This shows that which of the following involves more than pictures?

Accepted Answer

A)  mental images 
B)  concepts 
C)  symbolic rules 
D)  automatic processing

Question 13

Approaching a problem by using a learned set of rules produces a solution that is achieved by

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding. 
B)  recognition. 
C)  rote. 
D)  trial and error.

Question 14

According to Psychologist Janet Davidson, a person who is able to evaluate new problems by contrasting them with old information or with problems already solved is good at

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention. 
B)  selective encoding. 
C)  selective combination. 
D)  selective comparison.

Question 15

When people are given reports to review regarding a custody decision, and then asked the question, "Which parent should be denied custody?" most people tend to

Accepted Answer

A)  focus on the base rate of custody. 
B)  ignore the base rate of custody. 
C)  look for positive qualities in the parents. 
D)  look for negative qualities in the parents.

Question 16

The fact that the sentence, "Samantha kissed Trevor," has a very different meaning from "Trevor kissed Samantha," demonstrates the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)  morphemes. 
B)  phonemes. 
C)  syntax. 
D)  conditional relationships.

Question 17

If you are asked, "Which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water?" you would most likely use kinesthetic images to answer this question.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

In the study in which a group of consumers was given an option to purchase jam with half the group choosing from six different flavors and the other half from 24 flavors, the consumers who were choosing among 24 flavors were 10 times less likely to purchase any jam.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

A cultural barrier to creative problem solving would involve

Accepted Answer

A)  a fear of making a fool of oneself. 
B)  values or norms that prevent a new approach. 
C)  an inability to see new uses for familiar objects. 
D)  habits that prevent looking at another aspect of the problem.

Question 20

A solution that correctly states the requirements for success in solving a problem, but not in sufficient detail for further action, is called a __________ solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  heuristic 
B)  general 
C)  functional 
D)  specific

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Creativity.

A person who is concerned about his or her health, but who continues to drink large amounts of alcohol, is making an error in judgment called ignoring the base rate.

A prerequisite for creativity seems to be

Although Mark looked in the dictionary for the definition of the word "liberal," he still would find it offensive if someone referred to him as "liberal." Thus, Mark's negative view of the word "liberal" represents, for him, this concept's __________ meaning.

To help understand electricity, Researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you​

Regarding creativity, mental illness, and personality disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

A corporate manager wants to solve a business problem but becomes stern and angry when members of his marketing team joke playfully about possible solutions.This manager is exhibiting which barrier to problem solving?

Research has shown that expert skills are based on

The basic speech sounds of a language are called morphemes.

Your visual representation of a bakery may also include its wonderful odor and the delicious taste of its baked goods.This shows that which of the following involves more than pictures?

Approaching a problem by using a learned set of rules produces a solution that is achieved by

According to Psychologist Janet Davidson, a person who is able to evaluate new problems by contrasting them with old information or with problems already solved is good at

When people are given reports to review regarding a custody decision, and then asked the question, "Which parent should be denied custody?" most people tend to

The fact that the sentence, "Samantha kissed Trevor," has a very different meaning from "Trevor kissed Samantha," demonstrates the importance of

If you are asked, "Which direction do you turn the hot-water handle in your kitchen to shut off the water?" you would most likely use kinesthetic images to answer this question.

In the study in which a group of consumers was given an option to purchase jam with half the group choosing from six different flavors and the other half from 24 flavors, the consumers who were choosing among 24 flavors were 10 times less likely to purchase any jam.

A cultural barrier to creative problem solving would involve

A solution that correctly states the requirements for success in solving a problem, but not in sufficient detail for further action, is called a __________ solution.

To help understand electricity, Researcher Stephen Kosslyn would recommend that you