Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a step in the behavioral self-management program discussed in your textbook?

Accepted Answer

A)  choose a target behavior 
B)  record a baseline 
C)  choose reinforcing and punishing self-statements 
D)  adjust your plan as you learn more about your behavior

Question 2

Frequent punishment makes a person or an animal all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  unhappy and confused. 
B)  anxious and fearful. 
C)  aggressive. 
D)  better behaved.

Question 3

When trying to change a bad habit, if a person were to finally discover what is reinforcing an unwanted response and then remove, avoid, or delay the reinforcement, we would say this person has utilized the technique known as

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction. 
B)  modeling. 
C)  breaking response chains. 
D)  cues and antecedents.

Question 4

Pigeons and rats who are reinforced on fixed interval schedules stop responding immediately after they receive a reinforcer and do not start again until just before the next scheduled reinforcement.This illustrates that these animals are

Accepted Answer

A)  "stuck in time." 
B)  intuitive thinkers. 
C)  cognitive time travelers. 
D)  strongly influenced by circadian rhythms that can help or hinder training.

Question 5

Eye blink conditioning can be accomplished with individuals in

Accepted Answer

A)  a minimally conscious state. 
B)  a vegetative state. 
C)  both a minimally conscious and a vegetative state. 
D)  neither a minimally conscious nor a vegetative state.

Question 6

Training in which the conditioned response is established and strengthened is referred to as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Training in which the conditioned response is...

Question 7

A behavior that is learned by modeling or observation must be maintained by

Accepted Answer

A)  repeated observations of the model. 
B)  direct chaining of the behaviors. 
C)  direct reinforcement or feedback of the behavior once it is modeled. 
D)  positive transfer of the behavior to other new responses.

Question 8

Which schedule of reinforcement may have long periods of nonreward that make it harder to discriminate between periods of reinforcement and extinction?

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  partial 
C)  continuous 
D)  conditional

Question 9

Learning that takes place through an association of stimuli is called

Accepted Answer

A)  latent learning. 
B)  observational learning. 
C)  classical conditioning. 
D)  operant conditioning.

Question 10

Your midterm exam score is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcement. 
B)  discriminative learning. 
C)  cue learning. 
D)  feedback.

Question 11

When Jared is scolded by his mother for misbehaving, he actually increases the misbehavior because he finally has her attention.For Jared, the scolding served as a

Accepted Answer

A)  punisher. 
B)  positive reinforcer. 
C)  negative reinforcer. 
D)  response cost.

Question 12

Punishment is often a bad idea in modifying behavior because it

Accepted Answer

A)  has no effect on most people. 
B)  takes too long to take effect. 
C)  can increase aggression. 
D)  is ineffective in suppressing undesirable behaviors.

Question 13

In recent years, the violent crime rate among youth has risen even as sales of violent video games have declined.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

The best way to differentiate operant conditioning from classical conditioning is to decide if the

Accepted Answer

A)  response is voluntary or involuntary. 
B)  stimulus is conditioned or unconditioned. 
C)  consequence comes before or after the response. 
D)  response is pleasant or unpleasant.

Question 15

Mary Sue is scolded by her father when she comes in late for her curfew, while her friend Patti is grounded for two weeks by her father for missing her curfew.Both teens received

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement. 
B)  a punisher. 
C)  a primary threat. 
D)  a discriminative stimulus.

Question 16

Regarding punishment, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment tells a person or animal that a response was "wrong." 
B)  Punishment teaches new behaviors. 
C)  Punishment tells a person or animal what the "right" response is. 
D)  All of these statements are true.

Question 17

To determine whether attendance at sports events is a reinforcer for a particular teenager, such attendance would have to

Accepted Answer

A)  be demonstrated to be universally rewarding. 
B)  increase the probability of the recurrence of the behavior it followed. 
C)  meet a long list of criteria that includes adaptability and reliability. 
D)  be demonstratively associated with a basic biological need.

Question 18

Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement is a type of punishment." Explain why your friend is VERY WRONG about these concepts by giving the definition and an example of each concept.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend tells you that "negative reinforcement...

Question 19

Every time you give advice to a friend, she suddenly turns cold and rude toward you.Lately, you've stopped offering her advice because giving your friend advice has been

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforced. 
B)  punished. 
C)  classically conditioned. 
D)  affected by all of these.

Question 20

Which of the following is a fear that persists even when no realistic danger exists?

Accepted Answer

A)  compulsion 
B)  unconditioned reaction 
C)  phobia 
D)  neurosis

Exam 6: Conditioning and Learning.