Question 1

A 4-year-old child is scheduled for a cardiac catheterization.Which statement reflects the correct way for the nurse to provide preoperative teaching?

Accepted Answer

A)  It should be given to his parents because he is too young to understand. 
B)  It should be detailed in regard to the actual procedures so he will know what to expect. 
C)  It should be done several days before the procedure so that he will be prepared. 
D)  It should be adapted to his level of development so that he can understand.

Question 2

What should the nurse do when suctioning a young child who has had heart surgery?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perform suctioning at least every hour. 
B)  Suction for no longer than 30 seconds at a time. 
C)  Administer supplemental oxygen before and after suctioning. 
D)  Expect symptoms of respiratory distress when suctioning.

Question 3

Which is an appropriate nursing intervention for a child after a cardiac catheterization?

Accepted Answer

A)  Allow ambulation as tolerated. 
B)  Monitor vital signs every 2 hours. 
C)  Assess the affected extremity for temperature and colour. 
D)  Check pulses above the catheterization site for equality and symmetry.

Question 4

What is a clinical manifestation of the systemic venous congestion that can occur with heart failure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Tachypnea 
B)  Tachycardia 
C)  Peripheral edema 
D)  Pale,cool extremities

Question 5

What is one important thing the nurse should do when removing chest tubes from a child?

Accepted Answer

A)  Explain that it is not painful. 
B)  Explain that only a Band-Aid will be needed. 
C)  Administer analgesics before the procedure. 
D)  Expect bright red drainage for several hours after removal.

Question 6

Seventy-two hours after cardiac surgery,a young child has a temperature of 37.7°C.What should the nurse do?

Accepted Answer

A)  Keep the child warm with blankets. 
B)  Apply a hypothermia blanket. 
C)  Record the temperature on the nurses' notes. 
D)  Report these findings to the physician.

Question 7

What is the most common causative agent of bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Staphylococcus albus 
B)  Streptococcus hemolyticus 
C)  Staphylococcus albicans 
D)  Streptococcus viridans

Question 8

A chest x-ray is ordered for a child with suspected cardiac problems.The child's parent asks the nurse,"What will the radiograph show about the heart?" What knowledge about the x-ray film should the nurse base her response on?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will show the bones of the chest but not the heart. 
B)  It will measure electrical potential generated by the heart muscle. 
C)  It will provide a permanent record of heart size and configuration. 
D)  It will provide a computerized image of heart vessels and tissues.

Question 9

Which is one of the most frequent causes of hypovolemic shock in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sepsis 
B)  Blood loss 
C)  Anaphylaxis 
D)  Congenital heart disease

Question 10

What is a major clinical manifestation of rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chorea 
B)  Osler nodes 
C)  Janeway spots 
D)  Splinter hemorrhages of the distal third of nails

Question 11

What is the primary nursing intervention for preventing bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Institute measures to prevent dental procedures. 
B)  Counsel parents of high-risk children about prophylactic antibiotics. 
C)  Observe children for complications such as embolism and heart failure. 
D)  Encourage restricted mobility in susceptible children.

Question 12

What type of shock is characterized by a hypersensitive reaction causing massive vasodilation and capillary leaks that may occur with a drug or latex allergy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neurogenic shock 
B)  Cardiogenic shock 
C)  Hypovolemic shock 
D)  Anaphylactic shock

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a child with persistent hypoxia secondary to a cardiac defect.The nurse recognizes that a risk of cerebrovascular accidents (strokes)exists.What is an important objective to decrease this risk?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minimize seizures. 
B)  Prevent dehydration. 
C)  Promote cardiac output. 
D)  Reduce energy expenditure.

Question 14

A child is brought to the emergency department experiencing an anaphylactic reaction to a bee sting.While an airway is being established,what medication should the nurse prepare for immediate administration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) 
B)  Dopamine 
C)  Epinephrine 
D)  Calcium chloride

Question 15

When discussing hyperlipidemia with a group of adolescents,the nurse should explain that high levels of what substance are thought to protect against cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cholesterol 
B)  Triglycerides 
C)  Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) 
D)  High-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Question 16

What is the name of the painful,pea-sized nodules that may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osler nodes 
B)  Janeway lesions 
C)  Subcutaneous nodules 
D)  Aschoff nodes

Exam 47: Cardiovascular Dysfunction