Question 1

Parents of a 3-year-old child with congenital heart disease are afraid to let their child play with other children because of possible overexertion.What knowledge should inform the nurse's reply?

Accepted Answer

A)   The child needs opportunities to play with peers.
B)   The child needs to understand that peers' activities are too strenuous.
C)   Parents can meet all the child's needs.
D)   Constant parental supervision is needed to avoid overexertion. A

Question 2

What is the leading cause of death after heart transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A)   Infection
B)   Rejection
C)   Cardiomyopathy
D)   Congestive heart failure B

Question 3

When preparing a school-age child and the family for heart surgery,what should the nurse consider?

Accepted Answer

A)   Don't show the child unfamiliar equipment.
B)   Let the child hear the sounds of an electrocardiograph monitor.
C)   Avoid mentioning postoperative discomfort and interventions.
D)   Explain that an endotracheal tube will not be needed if the surgery goes well. B

Question 4

Which is a common sign of digoxin toxicity?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seizures
B)   Vomiting
C)   Bradypnea
D)   Tachycardia

Question 5

What is a common,serious complication of rheumatic fever?

Accepted Answer

A)   Seizures
B)   Cardiac arrhythmias
C)   Pulmonary hypertension
D)   Cardiac valve damage

Question 6

Which are characteristics of hypovolemic shock? Select all that apply.Express answer in small letters followed by a comma and a space-e.g. ,a,b,c

Accepted Answer

A)   Reduction in peripheral vascular resistance
B)   Falling blood pressure
C)   Poor capillary filling
D)   Increased venous capacity and pooling
E)   Decreased cardiac outputF)  Low central venous pressure

Question 7

The nurse is caring for a child after heart surgery.What should be done if there is evidence of cardiac tamponade?

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase analgesia.
B)   Apply warming blankets.
C)   Immediately report this to the physician.
D)   Encourage the child to cough,turn,and breathe deeply.

Question 8

The nurse is caring for a school-age girl who has had a cardiac catheterization.The child tells the nurse that her bandage is "too wet." The nurse finds the bandage and bed soaked with blood.What is the priority nursing action?

Accepted Answer

A)   Notify the physician.
B)   Apply a new bandage with more pressure.
C)   Place the girl in the Trendelenburg position.
D)   Apply direct pressure above the catheterization site.

Question 9

Which defect results in increased pulmonary blood flow?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pulmonic stenosis
B)   Tricuspid atresia
C)   Atrial septal defect
D)   Transposition of the great arteries

Question 10

The parents of a young child with heart failure tell the nurse that they are "nervous" about giving digoxin.What knowledge should the nurse include in her response?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is a safe,frequently used drug.
B)   It is difficult to either overmedicate or undermedicate with digoxin.
C)   Parents lack the expertise necessary to administer digoxin.
D)   Parents must learn specific,important guidelines for administration of digoxin.

Question 11

An 8-month-old infant has a hypercyanotic spell while blood is being drawn.What is the nurse's initial action?

Accepted Answer

A)   Assess for neurological defects.
B)   Place the child in the knee-chest position.
C)   Begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
D)   Prepare the family for imminent death.

Question 12

Which structural defects constitute tetralogy of Fallot?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pulmonic stenosis,ventricular septal defect,overriding aorta,right ventricular hypertrophy
B)   Aortic stenosis,ventricular septal defect,overriding aorta,right ventricular hypertrophy
C)   Aortic stenosis,atrial septal defect,overriding aorta,left ventricular hypertrophy
D)   Pulmonic stenosis,ventricular septal defect,aortic hypertrophy,left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 13

Which occurs in septic shock?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypothermia
B)   Increased cardiac output
C)   Vasoconstriction
D)   Angioneurotic edema

Question 14

Which drug is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor?

Accepted Answer

A)   Captopril (Capoten) 
B)   Furosemide (Lasix) 
C)   Spironolactone (Aldactone) 
D)   Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

Question 15

As part of the treatment for heart failure,the child takes the diuretic furosemide.When teaching home care,the nurse encourages the family to give the child foods such as bananas,oranges,and leafy vegetables.What are these foods high in?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chlorides
B)   Potassium
C)   Sodium
D)   Vitamins

Question 16

Which is best described as the heart's inability to pump an adequate amount of blood to the systemic circulation at normal filling pressures?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pulmonary congestion
B)   Congenital heart defect
C)   Heart failure
D)   Systemic venous congestion

Question 17

What is a beneficial effect of administering digoxin (Lanoxin)?

Accepted Answer

A)   It decreases edema.
B)   It decreases cardiac output.
C)   It increases heart size.
D)   It increases venous pressure.

Question 18

Which clinical manifestation does the nurse expect to see as shock progresses and becomes decompensated shock in a child?

Accepted Answer

A)   Thirst and diminished urinary output
B)   Irritability and apprehension
C)   Tachypnea and poor capillary refill time
D)   Normal blood pressure and narrowing pulse pressure

Question 19

What is the most important thing for the nurse to know when caring for a child with Kawasaki disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   The child's fever is usually responsive to antibiotics within 48 hours.
B)   The principal area of involvement is the joints.
C)   Aspirin is contraindicated.
D)   Therapeutic management includes administration of gamma globulin and aspirin.

Question 20

Which complication may occur after a cardiac catheterization?

Accepted Answer

A)   Transient dysrhythmias
B)   Hypostatic pneumonia
C)   Heart failure
D)   Rapidly increasing blood pressure

Exam 47: Cardiovascular Dysfunction