Question 1

One productive resolution to social dilemmas is to make people's selfish behaviours public.This tactic often works because such public exposure

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses people to think about the value of the group. 
B)  is a means to dissonance reduction. 
C)  provides information about the appropriate course of action. 
D)  makes individuals aware of possible social consequences. 
E)  convinces individuals that there is a larger problem.

Question 2

In what sense does the problem of littering represent a social dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Each citizen may not litter a lot, but it all adds up. 
B)  Littering has increased steadily over the last fifteen years. 
C)  People often look to one another to guide their behaviour. 
D)  Litter pollutes water and endangers wildlife. 
E)  Norms can be made salient to reduce littering.

Question 3

Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1990)argue that in general,_______ norms are more effective than _______ norms in reducing litter.

Accepted Answer

A)  injunctive; descriptive 
B)  subtle; salient 
C)  salient; subtle 
D)  conjunctive; subtle 
E)  descriptive; injunctive

Question 4

Siero and colleagues (1996)introduced an intervention to reduce energy consumption in different units of Dutch factories.Which of the following aspects of their intervention had the greatest (positive)impact on energy use?

Accepted Answer

A)  raising prices for those that did not reduce energy consumption 
B)  placing announcements in company magazines 
C)  offering cash incentives for energy saving measures 
D)  providing feedback on other units' consumption 
E)  providing weekly feedback on a unit's consumption

Question 5

Research by Pelletier and Sharp (2008)suggests that the best motivation to help people engage in environmentally sustainable behaviour is

Accepted Answer

A)  normative conformity. 
B)  informational conformity. 
C)  intrinsic motivation. 
D)  extrinsic motivation. 
E)  hypocrisy induction.

Question 6

Catherine and Gabriel are picnicking in the park.They would be least likely to litter when

Accepted Answer

A)  they notice that the park is completely free of litter. 
B)  a park official tells them about the fines for littering. 
C)  they see other people throw away their garbage. 
D)  they see one piece of garbage on the otherwise clean park grounds. 
E)  they see other people leave their garbage on the grounds.

Question 7

According to the introduction to the chapter on social psychology and the environment,to avoid environmental disaster

Accepted Answer

A)  new laws are needed to enforce environmental regulations. 
B)  we must return to a simpler lifestyle. 
C)  new sources of energy must be discovered. 
D)  attitudes and behaviours must be changed. 
E)  education about environmental issues must begin in elementary school.

Question 8

One way to encourage more people to recycle would be to institute curbside recycling,to provide free containers for sorting glass,paper,and aluminum,and to increase the number of recycling bins throughout a community.These strategies are likely to work,given Kurt Lewin's early assertion that

Accepted Answer

A)  subjective perceptions are more important than objective reality. 
B)  attitudes are powerful predictors of simple behaviours (like recycling). 
C)  big social changes can occur with the removal of small barriers. 
D)  human beings do not like to fall prey to the fundamental attribution error. 
E)  human beings dislike cognitive inconsistency.

Question 9

Participants in a field experiment by Raymond Reno and his colleagues (1993)were more likely to properly dispose of a handbill left on their windshields when they saw a confederate pick up and dispose of a fast-food bag.Results of this experiment reveal the power of _______ to reduce littering behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive norms 
B)  subjective norms 
C)  self-awareness 
D)  conjunctive norms 
E)  injunctive norms

Question 10

Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives.At the same moment she hears a message from a "Keep Canada Beautiful" campaign,she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road.The difference between what Nancy hears and sees reflects the difference between _______ norms and _______ norms.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive; proscriptive 
B)  objective; descriptive 
C)  descriptive; objective 
D)  injunctive; descriptive 
E)  descriptive; injunctive

Question 11

Kurt Lewin (1947)asserted that the best way to ensure large,widespread social change is to remove small barriers.How has this idea been used to encourage recycling?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kurt Lewin (1947)asserted that the best way...

Question 12

Assume that you are part of a student group trying to persuade students to recycle more.You plan to go door-to-door in residence halls,and to use hypocrisy induction to change recycling behaviours.How would you do this and why would your strategy work?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Assume that you are part of a...

Question 13

Littering has become an increasingly serious problem on your campus.As a member of a student government committee,what recommendations would you make for how to reduce littering? Make sure to mention the role of norms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Littering has become an increasingly serious problem...

Question 14

A specific plan about where,when,and how to fulfill a goal is termed a(n)________ and has been found to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation; increase environmentally sustainable behaviour. 
B)  implementation plan; increase environmentally sustainable behaviour. 
C)  intrinsic plan; decrease freeloading in social dilemmas. 
D)  implementation plan; decrease the strength of the attitude-behaviour relationship. 
E)  sustainability plan; decrease the gap between environmental attitudes and behaviours.

Question 15

Provide an example of a social dilemma as it relates to the environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of a social dilemma...

Question 16

When Siero and colleagues (1996)provided workers in a unit of a Dutch factory with feedback on energy consumption in other units,energy-saving behaviours drastically increased.These results point to _______ as a useful process in encouraging energy-saving behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  a commons dilemma 
B)  cognitive dissonance 
C)  a social dilemma 
D)  self-perception 
E)  social comparison

Question 17

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a social dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Roger cannot decide whether he wants to stay home and relax or meet his friends for coffee. 
B)  Ramona cannot decide whether she wants to go to the prom with Lazlo or Raúl. 
C)  Jason would prefer to study for his introduction to social psychology exam, but is pressured by his friends to attend a party instead. 
D)  Steve tries hard to please his boss, Nora, but Nora is too demanding. 
E)  Hilary would prefer to listen to her public radio station without subscribing, but the radio station would disappear if no one made pledges.

Question 18

Karla likes to study in well-lit environments,but she knows that extra lights waste electricity.Karla's struggle to balance her own preferences with conservation efforts is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  lose-lose situation. 
B)  contrast effect. 
C)  means-end analysis. 
D)  perceptual contrast. 
E)  commons dilemma.

Question 19

According to Kurt Lewin,the founder of social psychology,pressing social problems can be addressed by

Accepted Answer

A)  changes to the economic structures of society. 
B)  politicians and changes to the law. 
C)  sociologists better than by social psychologists. 
D)  grassroots approaches to social change. 
E)  social psychological theories and methods.

Question 20

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of _______ norms to change safety behaviours.

Accepted Answer

A)  descriptive 
B)  productive 
C)  injunctive 
D)  conjunctive 
E)  proscriptive

Exam 13: Social Psychology in Action 1

One productive resolution to social dilemmas is to make people's selfish behaviours public.This tactic often works because such public exposure

In what sense does the problem of littering represent a social dilemma?

Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1990) argue that in general,_ norms are more effective than _ norms in reducing litter.

Siero and colleagues (1996) introduced an intervention to reduce energy consumption in different units of Dutch factories.Which of the following aspects of their intervention had the greatest (positive) impact on energy use?

Research by Pelletier and Sharp (2008) suggests that the best motivation to help people engage in environmentally sustainable behaviour is

Catherine and Gabriel are picnicking in the park.They would be least likely to litter when

According to the introduction to the chapter on social psychology and the environment,to avoid environmental disaster

One way to encourage more people to recycle would be to institute curbside recycling,to provide free containers for sorting glass,paper,and aluminum,and to increase the number of recycling bins throughout a community.These strategies are likely to work,given Kurt Lewin's early assertion that

Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives.At the same moment she hears a message from a "Keep Canada Beautiful" campaign,she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road.The difference between what Nancy hears and sees reflects the difference between _ norms and _ norms.

Kurt Lewin (1947)asserted that the best way to ensure large,widespread social change is to remove small barriers.How has this idea been used to encourage recycling?

Assume that you are part of a student group trying to persuade students to recycle more.You plan to go door-to-door in residence halls,and to use hypocrisy induction to change recycling behaviours.How would you do this and why would your strategy work?

Littering has become an increasingly serious problem on your campus.As a member of a student government committee,what recommendations would you make for how to reduce littering? Make sure to mention the role of norms.

A specific plan about where,when,and how to fulfill a goal is termed a(n) and has been found to .

Provide an example of a social dilemma as it relates to the environment.

When Siero and colleagues (1996) provided workers in a unit of a Dutch factory with feedback on energy consumption in other units,energy-saving behaviours drastically increased.These results point to _______ as a useful process in encouraging energy-saving behaviours.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a social dilemma?

Karla likes to study in well-lit environments,but she knows that extra lights waste electricity.Karla's struggle to balance her own preferences with conservation efforts is an example of a

According to Kurt Lewin,the founder of social psychology,pressing social problems can be addressed by

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of _______ norms to change safety behaviours.

Exam 13: Social Psychology in Action 1

One productive resolution to social dilemmas is to make people's selfish behaviours public.This tactic often works because such public exposure

In what sense does the problem of littering represent a social dilemma?

Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1990) argue that in general,_______ norms are more effective than _______ norms in reducing litter.

Siero and colleagues (1996) introduced an intervention to reduce energy consumption in different units of Dutch factories.Which of the following aspects of their intervention had the greatest (positive) impact on energy use?

Research by Pelletier and Sharp (2008) suggests that the best motivation to help people engage in environmentally sustainable behaviour is

Catherine and Gabriel are picnicking in the park.They would be least likely to litter when

According to the introduction to the chapter on social psychology and the environment,to avoid environmental disaster

One way to encourage more people to recycle would be to institute curbside recycling,to provide free containers for sorting glass,paper,and aluminum,and to increase the number of recycling bins throughout a community.These strategies are likely to work,given Kurt Lewin's early assertion that

Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives.At the same moment she hears a message from a "Keep Canada Beautiful" campaign,she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road.The difference between what Nancy hears and sees reflects the difference between _______ norms and _______ norms.

Kurt Lewin (1947)asserted that the best way to ensure large,widespread social change is to remove small barriers.How has this idea been used to encourage recycling?

Assume that you are part of a student group trying to persuade students to recycle more.You plan to go door-to-door in residence halls,and to use hypocrisy induction to change recycling behaviours.How would you do this and why would your strategy work?

Littering has become an increasingly serious problem on your campus.As a member of a student government committee,what recommendations would you make for how to reduce littering? Make sure to mention the role of norms.

A specific plan about where,when,and how to fulfill a goal is termed a(n) ________ and has been found to ________.

Provide an example of a social dilemma as it relates to the environment.

When Siero and colleagues (1996) provided workers in a unit of a Dutch factory with feedback on energy consumption in other units,energy-saving behaviours drastically increased.These results point to _______ as a useful process in encouraging energy-saving behaviours.

Which of the following scenarios is an example of a social dilemma?

Karla likes to study in well-lit environments,but she knows that extra lights waste electricity.Karla's struggle to balance her own preferences with conservation efforts is an example of a

According to Kurt Lewin,the founder of social psychology,pressing social problems can be addressed by

Public safety officials want to increase the use of seat belts among drivers and have decided to show a television ad documenting the rising use of seat belts among drivers.This represents the use of _______ norms to change safety behaviours.

Robert Cialdini and his colleagues (1990) argue that in general,_ norms are more effective than _ norms in reducing litter.

Nancy is listening to the radio while she drives.At the same moment she hears a message from a "Keep Canada Beautiful" campaign,she notices a fast-food bag on the side of the road.The difference between what Nancy hears and sees reflects the difference between _ norms and _ norms.

A specific plan about where,when,and how to fulfill a goal is termed a(n) and has been found to .