Question 1

Padma is on the phone when her roommate enters the room.Padma signals to her roommate to be quiet by pointing to the phone,shaking her head,and placing a raised index finger in front of her mouth.This example illustrates the use of nonverbal communication to _______ verbal communication.

Accepted Answer

A)   contradict
B)   duplicate
C)   expand
D)   substitute for
E)   augment D

Question 2

Hana usually doesn't like movies with violent scenes,but she saw Pulp Fiction,a violent movie,five times and loved it.Everyone else,including critics,also really liked Pulp Fiction.In this example,distinctiveness is _______ and consensus is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   low; high
B)   low; low
C)   high; high
D)   high; low
E)   low only; high or low C

Question 3

Why is belief in a just world a defensive belief?

Accepted Answer

A)   We can convince ourselves that we are safe from misfortunes.
B)   We can explain away our past mistakes.
C)   We can help avoid future misfortunes.
D)   We can convince ourselves that we are superior.
E)   We can avoid blame for factors beyond our control. A

Question 4

_______ information addresses the extent to which an actor behaves in a similar way in response to a stimulus across time and circumstances.

Accepted Answer

A)   Uniformity
B)   Consensus
C)   Distinctiveness
D)   Stable
E)   Consistency

Question 5

Recall the cross-cultural differences in the self-serving bias between Eastern and Western cultures.Describe the differences,and provide an example of how someone in China might attribute a failure compared to someone from Canada.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recall the cross-cultural differences in the self-serving...

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a conclusion from research about gender differences in nonverbal behaviour?

Accepted Answer

A)   Females are more likely than males to mimic other people's smiles.
B)   It is easier to detect angry expressions on male faces than on female faces.
C)   Subjects were more accurate in detecting happy expressions on female faces than on male faces.
D)   A smile is often decoded as pride, especially on a male face.
E)   The costs of decoding facial expressions inaccurately will depend on the gender of encoder and decoder.

Question 7

Naturalist Charles Darwin (1872)asserted that facial expressions are

Accepted Answer

A)   gender-specific.
B)   species-specific.
C)   feeling-specific.
D)   culture-specific.
E)   emotion-specific.

Question 8

Political commentator and humorist Molly Ivens made "Bubba" famous.Bubba is a loud,beer-drinking,swaggering man,simple in his tastes and thinking.This constellation of Bubba traits represents a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   personality type.
B)   implicit personality theory.
C)   subjective inference.
D)   causal attribution.
E)   personality trait.

Question 9

According to the textbook authors,which of the following statements is NOT one of the recent refinements of Kelley's covariation theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   People are predisposed to make external attributions if situational factors are evident.
B)   If they do not have information about all three dimensions, people use the information they do have and proceed with the attributional process.
C)   People don't always have the relevant information they need on all three dimensions.
D)   People make inferences about missing data if they don't have information on all three dimensions.
E)   People rely much more on consistency and distinctiveness information than they do on consensus.

Question 10

What are the two steps in making attributions?

Accepted Answer

A)   First we make an external attribution, and then we adjust the attribution by considering the situation the person was in.
B)   First we make a self-serving attribution, and then we consider our possible biases.
C)   First we make an internal attribution, and then we adjust the attribution by considering the situation the person was in.
D)   First we make an internal attribution, and then we consider the personality of the person.
E)   First we consider distinctiveness, and then we adjust our attribution based on consensus.

Question 11

Based on research by Fincham and colleagues on attributions of married couples,consider the following couple: Dean claims that every time Erica does something kind it is just because she wants to impress his mother,and every time she does something rude he says it is because she is a mean person.What kind of relationship are they most likely to have?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are a very satisfied and happy couple.
B)   They are a very dissatisfied and troubled couple.
C)   There is no way to judge based on attributions.
D)   It depends on the gender roles of the society they live in.
E)   They have a competitive relationship, due to Dean's self-serving bias.

Question 12

Ryan (an American student)and Kim (an exchange student from Korea)are waiting in the medical clinic reception area.A father rushes in carrying his 3-year-old child in his arms and demands an appointment for his child.As the receptionist tries to explain that the clinic is closing soon and there are no more appointments available for this evening,the father becomes increasingly agitated.According to research by Choi and Nisbett (1998)on cross-cultural differences in the actor/observer effect,what attributions about the father's behaviour would be predicted for Ryan and Kim?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ryan and Kim will be equally likely to describe the father as aggressive.
B)   Kim will be more likely to describe the father as aggressive while Ryan will describe his behaviour as stressed.
C)   Ryan will be more likely to describe the father as aggressive while Kim will describe his behaviour as stressed.
D)   Ryan and Kim will be equally likely to describe the father as stressed.
E)   Ryan and Kim will be equally likely to describe the father's behaviour as inappropriate.

Question 13

Jacquie tells me that the latest album by Strapping Young Lad is fantastic.It is her favourite album and I should definitely buy it as soon as possible.Which of the following sets of attributional information constitute the best evidence that the album is actually good,and isn't just due to the fact that sometimes Jacquie is weird?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low consensus/Low distinctiveness/Low consistency
B)   Low consensus/High distinctiveness/Low consistency
C)   Low consensus/High distinctiveness/High consistency
D)   High consensus/High distinctiveness/High consistency
E)   High consensus/Low distinctiveness/High consistency

Question 14

Sheila fancies herself an extravert.She smiles a lot and gestures dramatically as she talks.This example best illustrates the use of nonverbal behaviour to

Accepted Answer

A)   convey attitudes.
B)   express emotions.
C)   contradict personal beliefs.
D)   facilitate verbal communication.
E)   communicate personality traits.

Question 15

According to the text,which of the following is NOT a display rule that governs the expression of emotions?

Accepted Answer

A)   In Canada, it is less appropriate for a man to cry at a sad movie than for a woman.
B)   In Japan, it is inappropriate for a woman to smile widely.
C)   In Japan, it is appropriate to smile and laugh when you are experiencing a negative emotion.
D)   In India, it is inappropriate to express strong feelings of anger in public.
E)   In India, it is appropriate to express strong negative emotions in public.

Question 16

A study by Lassiter and his colleagues (2007)found that when judges and police officers viewed tapes of interrogations,they were more likely to find the confession of a suspect voluntary when the camera focused only on the suspect.Why?

Accepted Answer

A)   They could read his expressions of guilt more clearly.
B)   They could see how nervous the suspect was.
C)   The perceptual salience of the suspect triggered a defensive bias.
D)   They failed to see how the suspect was persuaded.
E)   The perceptual salience of the suspect triggered the correspondence bias.

Question 17

_______ theory provides a description of how people explain the causes of their own and other's behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)   Implicit personality
B)   Causal identification
C)   Dispositional
D)   Attribution
E)   Contagion

Question 18

Hana usually doesn't like movies with violent scenes,but she saw Pulp Fiction,a violent movie,five times and loved it.Everyone else also really liked Pulp Fiction.After reading Chapter 4,how would you explain why Hana saw Pulp Fiction so many times?

Accepted Answer

A)   She's in love with Samuel L. Jackson.
B)   Pulp Fiction must be a good movie.
C)   Although Hana doesn't like the violence, she appreciates good dialogue.
D)   Hana actually enjoys movies with violent scenes.
E)   Violence is making a comeback in Hollywood.

Question 19

According to Fritz Heider (1958),people more likely to make internal rather than external attributions because they are

Accepted Answer

A)   motivated to make self-serving attributions.
B)   perceptually focused on the person and not the situation.
C)   perceptually focused on the situation and not the person.
D)   usually empathetic.
E)   motivated to draw causal inferences as quickly as possible.

Question 20

According to the authors,why are reality TV shows like Survivor of interest to viewers from a social psychological perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)   They provide a valuable lesson about how you should not trust people's verbal statements.
B)   Reality TV allows psychologists a cost-effective way to study causal relationships.
C)   They provide an interesting and convenient way to test one's theories of social perception.
D)   Unlike real life, it is easy to see what people's true motivations are.
E)   It is possible to determine if people are lying to one another.

Exam 4: Social Perception