Question 1

Julianna likes to contribute to worthy charities because she can help others and,at the same time,get a tax deduction.Julianna is engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  altruism. 
B)  self-interest. 
C)  self-sacrifice. 
D)  hypocrisy. 
E)  prosocial behaviour.

Question 2

Helping someone in need so that you won't feel guilty is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  the influence of instincts on altruism. 
B)  the effects of empathy on altruism. 
C)  a social-exchange approach to altruism. 
D)  the cultural explanation for altruism. 
E)  an evolutionary explanation for altruism.

Question 3

The "feel good,do good" effect in studies of prosocial behaviour refers to the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  helping alleviates guilt which often leads to a good mood. 
B)  people in a good mood are more likely to help. 
C)  in adults, helping is self-reinforcing. 
D)  helping in emergencies relieves distress. 
E)  helping puts people in a good mood.

Question 4

Uzo is walking down the street when she hears a scream.She looks around to see if anyone needs help and notices the other people on the street shrug and keep walking.She decides that the person probably just shouted out of surprise and doesn't actually need help.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  kin selection. 
B)  diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  negative-state relief. 
D)  pluralistic ignorance. 
E)  social exchange domination.

Question 5

According to Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970),a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation.According to this stage model,diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'

Accepted Answer

A)  empathy. 
B)  assessments of the costs and benefits of intervening. 
C)  interpretation of an event as an emergency. 
D)  sense of obligation to intervene. 
E)  attention to their surroundings.

Question 6

According to research by Dan Batson and his colleagues (e.g.,Toi & Batson,1982),when empathy is

Accepted Answer

A)  low, people only help when the costs are high. 
B)  high, people will pay attention to social exchange factors. 
C)  high, people will help no matter what the costs. 
D)  low, people will help no matter what the costs. 
E)  low, people will help when the costs are high.

Question 7

In Dunfield and Kuhlmeier's study (2010)21-month-old infants offered an attractive toy,but were prevented from acquiring it either by a willing but unable confederate (the toy 'accidentally' fell off the table)or by an unwilling confederate who pulled the toy away before the infant could take it.According to the authors,the most startling finding was that 21-month-olds would ________ when they could later choose whether to give the toy to one of the confederates.

Accepted Answer

A)  take account of the number of smiles of each confederate 
B)  be generous enough to give away an attractive toy 
C)  pick up on the intentions of the confederates 
D)  only be generous if they had been given the toy earlier 
E)  be completely ungenerous to even to the well-intentioned confederate

Question 8

Participants in an experiment by Miho Toi and Daniel Batson (1982)listened to an (alleged)radio interview in which a student in their Introductory Psychology class described an accident that caused her to fall behind in the course.Based on the empathy-altruism hypothesis,the researchers predicted that participants would help Carol when

Accepted Answer

A)  they were instructed to be objective while listening to the interview. 
B)  Carol made a direct request for participants' help. 
C)  they believed that they would see Carol back in class. 
D)  they were instructed to try to imagine how Carol felt. 
E)  Carol was believed to be attractive.

Question 9

Research on the relationship between prosocial behaviour and group membership have shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  prosocial behaviour is much more likely to occur when people feel part of a group or community. 
B)  prosocial behaviour is not related to group membership. 
C)  feeling part of a group or community increase prosocial behaviour for women but not for men. 
D)  group membership only enhance prosocial behaviour towards in-group members. 
E)  group membership only enhances prosocial behaviour in interdependent cultures.

Question 10

According to information presented by the authors of your text,why do people who have lived in the same place longer tend to be more likely to help?

Accepted Answer

A)  They feel more interdependent with their neighbours and attached to the community. 
B)  Stable individuals are more likely to have altruistic personalities. 
C)  They feel empathy more easily. 
D)  Because everyone around them is an ingroup member. 
E)  Because they have more close personal relationships.

Question 11

According to Dan Batson's (1991)empathy-altruism hypothesis,Jane is most likely to help

Accepted Answer

A)  Joe, who just told Jane that his mother passed away. 
B)  Liz, who is Jane's cousin. 
C)  Emily, who just helped Jane move into a new apartment. 
D)  Susan, who made Jane very angry yesterday but apologized today. 
E)  Bill, who told Jane that he "feels her pain" and understands her needs.

Question 12

The idea that natural selection favours behaviours that help a genetic relative is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  kinship bias. 
B)  kin selection. 
C)  familial reciprocity. 
D)  familial bias. 
E)  familial selection.

Question 13

According to Stanley Milgram's (1970)_______ hypothesis,compared to rural dwellers,people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  urban overload 
B)  diffusion of responsibility 
C)  bystander effect 
D)  evaluation apprehension 
E)  stimulus overload

Question 14

In order to best predict whether people will help another person,it is best to know something about _______ and _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  their parents' disciplinary practices; their personality. 
B)  their relationship with the other person; their personality. 
C)  their personal attributes; the particular situation in question. 
D)  their past helping behaviours; the costs and rewards of helping. 
E)  the costs and rewards of helping; the particulars of the situation in question.

Question 15

_______ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for prosocial behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  Empathy-altruism 
B)  Self-perception 
C)  Social exchange 
D)  Norm activation 
E)  Self-esteem

Question 16

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past,those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes.This argument lies at the heart of _______ as a source of altruistic behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability to learn social norms 
B)  kin selection 
C)  social exchange 
D)  normative social influence 
E)  the reciprocity norm

Question 17

_______ is to "we" or "us" as _______ is to "they" or "them."

Accepted Answer

A)  Out group; in group 
B)  Interdependent; independent 
C)  Entnocentrism; in group 
D)  In group; out group 
E)  Egocentrism; ethnocentrism

Question 18

When it comes to helping behaviour,

Accepted Answer

A)  women are more helpful than men. 
B)  men are more helpful than women. 
C)  either gender might be more helpful, depending on the help needed. 
D)  there is no difference between men and women. 
E)  only women in collectivistic cultures are more helpful than men.

Question 19

According to proponents of the negative-state relief hypothesis,people who feel sad,guilty,or dejected are motivated to help another in order to alleviate their own unpleasant feelings.Thus,the negative-state relief hypothesis reflects a(n)_______ approach to understanding prosocial behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)  social responsibility 
B)  sociobiological 
C)  socialization 
D)  social exchange 
E)  interdependent

Question 20

One consequence of living by the Golden Rule,"do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is that if you help those in need,they might return the favour someday.This idea is best represented by

Accepted Answer

A)  the norm of fairness. 
B)  normative social influence. 
C)  the norm of obedience. 
D)  informational social influence. 
E)  the norm of reciprocity.

Exam 10: Prosocial Behaviour

Julianna likes to contribute to worthy charities because she can help others and,at the same time,get a tax deduction.Julianna is engaging in

Helping someone in need so that you won't feel guilty is an example of

The "feel good,do good" effect in studies of prosocial behaviour refers to the idea that

Uzo is walking down the street when she hears a scream.She looks around to see if anyone needs help and notices the other people on the street shrug and keep walking.She decides that the person probably just shouted out of surprise and doesn't actually need help.This is an example of

According to Bibb Latané and John Darley (1970) ,a number of things must occur before witnesses decide to intervene in an emergency situation.According to this stage model,diffusion of responsibility is most likely to affect witnesses'

According to research by Dan Batson and his colleagues (e.g.,Toi & Batson,1982) ,when empathy is

Research on the relationship between prosocial behaviour and group membership have shown that

According to information presented by the authors of your text,why do people who have lived in the same place longer tend to be more likely to help?

According to Dan Batson's (1991) empathy-altruism hypothesis,Jane is most likely to help

The idea that natural selection favours behaviours that help a genetic relative is known as

According to Stanley Milgram's (1970) _______ hypothesis,compared to rural dwellers,people in large cities are bombarded with stimulation and work to reduce it by keeping to themselves.

In order to best predict whether people will help another person,it is best to know something about _ and _.

_______ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for prosocial behaviour.

Some evolutionary psychologists argue that in our distant past,those who selfishly pursued their own individual interests would be less likely to survive to pass on their genes.This argument lies at the heart of _______ as a source of altruistic behaviour.

_ is to "we" or "us" as _ is to "they" or "them."

When it comes to helping behaviour,

According to proponents of the negative-state relief hypothesis,people who feel sad,guilty,or dejected are motivated to help another in order to alleviate their own unpleasant feelings.Thus,the negative-state relief hypothesis reflects a(n) _______ approach to understanding prosocial behaviour.

One consequence of living by the Golden Rule,"do unto others as you would have them do unto you," is that if you help those in need,they might return the favour someday.This idea is best represented by