Question 1

Consider the following (edited)excerpt from a James Thurber New Yorker piece: "Suddenly someone began to run.It may be that he had simply remembered … an engagement to meet his wife,for which he was now frightfully late.Whatever it was,he ran east on Broad Street....Somebody else began to run,perhaps a newsboy in high spirits....Another man … broke into a trot....A loud mumble gradually crystallized into the dread word 'damn.' 'The dam has broke!' The fear was put into words by a little old lady in an electric car,or by a traffic cop,or by a small boy: Nobody knows who....Two thousand people were abruptly in full flight...." This literary excerpt illustrates the phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)  contagion. 
B)  conversion. 
C)  mass hysteria. 
D)  collective psychosis. 
E)  obedience.

Question 2

Why has so much research in social psychology focused on conformity?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social psychologists believe that conformity is a maladaptive response. 
B)  Social psychologists find examples of conformity to be quite unusual. 
C)  Social psychologists have historically advocated greater interdependence in American society. 
D)  Social psychologists are dedicated to increasing conformity to reduce individualistic biases. 
E)  Social psychologists want to determine when and why conformity is sometimes foolish, sometimes adaptive.

Question 3

When Maria gives me a batch of her famous chocolate chip cookies,I feel obligated to bring her a bag of my apples.This is a manifestation of

Accepted Answer

A)  the influence norm. 
B)  the foot-in-the-door technique. 
C)  guilt management. 
D)  mindless conformity. 
E)  the reciprocity norm.

Question 4

_______ is to door-in-the-face technique as _______ is to the foot-in-the-door technique.

Accepted Answer

A)  Competition; cooperation 
B)  Cognitive dissonance; self-perception 
C)  Cooperation; competition 
D)  The reciprocity norm; self-image 
E)  Informational social influence; normative social influence

Question 5

It could be argued that participants in Muzafer Sherif's (1936)study converged in their estimates of the amount of movement of a point of light because they were avoiding public embarrassment or social censure from other participants.Sherif demonstrated that this was unlikely when he found similar results

Accepted Answer

A)  when participants completed the task with their friends. 
B)  when participants later completed the task again alone. 
C)  two years later. 
D)  when a different set of participants responded in the same way to the same stimuli. 
E)  when participants completed an auditory task in groups.

Question 6

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

Accepted Answer

A)  contagion. 
B)  private acceptance. 
C)  public compliance without private acceptance. 
D)  public conversion. 
E)  obedience

Question 7

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967)and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

Accepted Answer

A)  a member of an African cattle-raising society 
B)  a member of an African farming society 
C)  a member of an Inuit fishing society 
D)  a member of a Norwegian community 
E)  a member of an South American agricultural society.

Question 8

According to Latané's (1981)social impact theory,Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Accepted Answer

A)  she is uncomfortable being a member of a sorority. 
B)  her sorority sisters are immediate and the sorority is very important to her. 
C)  she wants to be thin and accepted by others. 
D)  she is predisposed to binge eating. 
E)  she is in an ambiguous situation and so follows what others do around her.

Question 9

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that strength is directly related to conformity?

Accepted Answer

A)  When Adam is with his "slacker" friends he doesn't take school seriously; when he's at home alone, he studies for hours on end. 
B)  When Jason's friends use subtle influence attempts, he conforms; when they use coercive tactics, he resists them. 
C)  One-on-one, Melissa will talk a lot, but when she's in a group she's very quiet. 
D)  When eating with strangers, Suzie will talk with her mouth full, but not when eating with her friends. 
E)  When Belinda is with her hard partying friends she tends to be loud and outgoing, but when she is with her parents she tends to be quiet and reserved.

Question 10

Strahan and colleagues (2008)exposed male and female high school students to interventions that pointed out how distorted and unrealistic the body ideals in media were and emphasized the risks of try to conform to these ideals.Following these interventions,________ participants showed ________ in the extent to which their self-esteem was based on appearance.

Accepted Answer

A)  only male; an increase 
B)  only female; a decrease 
C)  both male and female; a decrease 
D)  only male; a decrease 
E)  only female; an increase

Question 11

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _______ cultures value _______ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

Accepted Answer

A)  collectivist; normative 
B)  individualist; informational 
C)  normative; individualistic 
D)  individualist; normative 
E)  collectivist; informational

Question 12

Which of the following variations of Stanley Milgram's (1963)original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?

Accepted Answer

A)  Participants are less likely to obey when they believe that the learner will have a chance to "teach" them later. 
B)  When the participants are in the same room as the learner, they obey less. 
C)  Older participants are less likely to obey than are younger participants. 
D)  When another (confederate) participant refuses to continue, participants obey less. 
E)  Participants are more likely to obey if they are given rewards.

Question 13

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011)found that the level of conformity in a culture was ________ related to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  positively; the level of pathogens in the country. 
B)  negatively; the level of pathogens in the country. 
C)  positively; the prevalence of hunting in the culture. 
D)  positively; the level of acculturation to Western values. 
E)  negatively; identification with an Asian collectivist culture.

Question 14

You are on a flight from New York to California.Somewhere over the Rocky Mountains,the plane begins to dip and rise abruptly.The ride is getting more and more bumpy.You're concerned and wonder if something is seriously wrong with the plane.To whom (or what)are you most likely to turn to clarify this extreme and ambiguous situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  the passenger next to you who seems to be calm 
B)  the cockpit crew 
C)  the information pamphlet in front of your seat 
D)  the passengers in first class 
E)  the passenger next to you who seems to be afraid

Question 15

Jane's softball team is planning to steal the other team's mascot-a baby goat.Jane does not want to participate in such a scheme.Which of the following situations would make it more likely that Jane will refuse to help her team steal the goat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Another member of the team decides not to participate. 
B)  The group is important to Jane. 
C)  Jane has many friends on the team. 
D)  The situation is ambiguous. 
E)  Jane has built up "favourability credits."

Question 16

Suppose you want to get people to donate money to the Heart and Stroke Foundation on a regular basis.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ask people to donate ten dollars, and when they refuse, ask if they would consider donating a dollar. 
B)  Ask people to donate when they are in a good mood. 
C)  Ask people to donate over and over again, until they wearily decide to donate ten dollars. 
D)  Ask people to donate money in the middle of an engrossing sporting event. 
E)  Ask people to donate a dollar, and then next time, ask them to donate ten dollars.

Question 17

Imagine that you are attending a new high school and would like to make friends.On the first day of school,you observe that all of the students in your homeroom are crumpling paper into balls and throwing them on the floor.You begin to do the same.You have conformed to the group's behaviour due to

Accepted Answer

A)  informational social influence. 
B)  your low self-esteem. 
C)  normative social influence. 
D)  obedience to authority. 
E)  mindless conformity.

Question 18

You are a little confused about how to address your new boss.Even though you are told that your new supervisor's name is Charlie Rose,you have noticed that everyone in at work calls him "Boss." You,too,decide to start calling your supervisor "Boss." This decision is a product of

Accepted Answer

A)  compliance with authority. 
B)  normative social influence. 
C)  private acceptance. 
D)  obedience. 
E)  informational social influence.

Question 19

Explain how both normative and informational social influence worked to convince Stanley Milgram's (1974)participants to deliver powerful shocks to a hapless learner.How did replications of the original study demonstrate the role of normative and informational influence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how both normative and informational social...

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a variable considered by social impact theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  how close in time other group members are to you 
B)  the expertise of other group members 
C)  how important the group is to you 
D)  how many people are in the group you are in 
E)  how close in space other group members are to you

Exam 7: Conformity

Why has so much research in social psychology focused on conformity?

When Maria gives me a batch of her famous chocolate chip cookies,I feel obligated to bring her a bag of my apples.This is a manifestation of

_ is to door-in-the-face technique as _ is to the foot-in-the-door technique.

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

According to Latané's (1981) social impact theory,Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that strength is directly related to conformity?

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _ cultures value _ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

Which of the following variations of Stanley Milgram's (1963) original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was related to .

Jane's softball team is planning to steal the other team's mascot-a baby goat.Jane does not want to participate in such a scheme.Which of the following situations would make it more likely that Jane will refuse to help her team steal the goat?

Suppose you want to get people to donate money to the Heart and Stroke Foundation on a regular basis.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Imagine that you are attending a new high school and would like to make friends.On the first day of school,you observe that all of the students in your homeroom are crumpling paper into balls and throwing them on the floor.You begin to do the same.You have conformed to the group's behaviour due to

You are a little confused about how to address your new boss.Even though you are told that your new supervisor's name is Charlie Rose,you have noticed that everyone in at work calls him "Boss." You,too,decide to start calling your supervisor "Boss." This decision is a product of

Explain how both normative and informational social influence worked to convince Stanley Milgram's (1974)participants to deliver powerful shocks to a hapless learner.How did replications of the original study demonstrate the role of normative and informational influence?

Which of the following is NOT a variable considered by social impact theory?

Exam 7: Conformity

Why has so much research in social psychology focused on conformity?

When Maria gives me a batch of her famous chocolate chip cookies,I feel obligated to bring her a bag of my apples.This is a manifestation of

_______ is to door-in-the-face technique as _______ is to the foot-in-the-door technique.

Felicia is initially the only member of the jury who believes that the defendant is innocent.After hearing and debating Felicia's arguments,the jury unanimously declares the defendant not guilty.The jurors' decision will most likely be characterized by

Recall the cross-cultural conformity research conducted by J.W.Berry (1967) and others.When a group member conforms to others' opinions,who is most likely to respond particularly positively?

According to Latané's (1981) social impact theory,Katy will binge eat with her sorority sisters because

Which situation below best exemplifies the tenet of social impact theory that strength is directly related to conformity?

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _______ cultures value _______ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

Which of the following variations of Stanley Milgram's (1963) original obedience experiment provides the strongest evidence of the operation of normative conformity when participants administer electric shocks to a confederate learner?

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was ________ related to ________.

Jane's softball team is planning to steal the other team's mascot-a baby goat.Jane does not want to participate in such a scheme.Which of the following situations would make it more likely that Jane will refuse to help her team steal the goat?

Suppose you want to get people to donate money to the Heart and Stroke Foundation on a regular basis.Which of the following strategies would be most effective?

Imagine that you are attending a new high school and would like to make friends.On the first day of school,you observe that all of the students in your homeroom are crumpling paper into balls and throwing them on the floor.You begin to do the same.You have conformed to the group's behaviour due to

You are a little confused about how to address your new boss.Even though you are told that your new supervisor's name is Charlie Rose,you have noticed that everyone in at work calls him "Boss." You,too,decide to start calling your supervisor "Boss." This decision is a product of

Explain how both normative and informational social influence worked to convince Stanley Milgram's (1974)participants to deliver powerful shocks to a hapless learner.How did replications of the original study demonstrate the role of normative and informational influence?

Which of the following is NOT a variable considered by social impact theory?

_ is to door-in-the-face technique as _ is to the foot-in-the-door technique.

Cross-cultural studies on the Asch line-judgment task suggest that _ cultures value _ social influence because it promotes social harmony.

In recent research,Murray and colleagues (2011) found that the level of conformity in a culture was related to .