Question 1

Archaeologists must balance the need for development with the need to protect precious archaeological resources. In the example of Machu Picchu

Accepted Answer

A)   tourist dollars are a source of income; archaeologists support the tourism to help the nation of Peru, even if it destroys the site.
B)   archaeologists want people to know about the site and are willing to see some of the value and beauty destroyed.
C)   archaeologists support making tourism viable in a way that maintains the site's integrity and scientific value.
D)   archaeologists are, by profession, required to maintain a non-political, hands-off policy. C

Question 2

Which of the following was not created by the National Historic Preservation Act?

Accepted Answer

A)   The National Register of Historic Places
B)   Steep monetary penalties and mandatory jail time for the looting of archaeological sites on federal or tribal lands
C)   State Historic Preservation Offices
D)   The Advisory Council on Historic Preservation B

Question 3

Even with the protection of ARPA, policing federal land does not stop the looting that continues to destroy the nation's cultural heritage.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

The cost of cultural resource management projects is always paid by the federal government.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The NHPA requires that the government inventory federal lands for archaeological and historic sites. As a result

Accepted Answer

A)   many archaeologists cannot find jobs.
B)   many archeologist now work in Bureau of Land Management offices or the National Park Service.
C)   agencies have been able to enumerate all of the holdings on federal lands.
D)   agencies cannot work with college or university research programs.

Question 6

NAGPRA:

Accepted Answer

A)   allows scientists to study Native American skeletal material and associated grave goods for a specific amount of time before repatriating the material to a culturally affiliated tribe.
B)   allows tribes to decide what happens to all pre-Columbian human remains and artifacts, regardless of whether or not cultural affiliation can be demonstrated.
C)   requires the repatriation of Native American human skeletal remains, associated grave goods, or sacred objects to culturally affiliated tribes, who can then decide what to do with the remains or objects (study them, rebury them, etc) .
D)   requires Native Americans to return all previously repatriated Native American skeletal material and associated grave goods to scientists for further study.

Question 7

NAGPRA requires institutions receiving federal funds to inventory and attempt to affiliate and, if asked, repatriate human skeletal remains and associated grave goods to existing federally-recognized tribes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The field that conducts activities related to compliance with legislation that protects cultural resources is:

Accepted Answer

A)   academic archaeology.
B)   historic archaeology.
C)   cultural resource management.
D)   natural resource management.

Question 9

Important sites exist in poor countries that cannot afford the luxuries of protecting their properties. A question brought out by the destruction of the 175-foot-tall, 1500-year-old Bamiyan Buddas by the Taliban was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Does the world's interest in global heritage override national sovereignty?
B)   Should the world tell the Taliban what it can do to statues that are present in (what was)  their country?
C)   Who pays for the cleanup of such destruction?
D)   Does the world's interest in global heritage override national sovereignty? and Should the world tell the Taliban what it can do to statues that are present in (what was)  their country?

Question 10

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act:

Accepted Answer

A)   sets forth the criteria by which National Register status is determined.
B)   requires all federal agencies to be good stewards of their cultural resources and inventory public lands for archaeological sites.
C)   requires the government to take into account the effect of its actions on historic properties.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 11

Under NAGPRA, how is cultural affiliation of human skeletal remains and other covered items determined?

Accepted Answer

A)   First, ownership resides with any lineal descendants, followed by the tribe on whose land the remains or objects were found, followed by the tribe with the closest cultural affiliation and who stakes a claim to the remains, followed by the tribe who is recognized as aboriginally occupying the land on which the remains were found.
B)   First ownership resides with any lineal descendants, followed by the tribe with the closest cultural affiliation and who stakes a claim to the remains, followed by the tribe who is recognized as aboriginally occupying the land on which the remains were found, followed by the tribe on whose land the remains or objects were actually found.
C)   First ownership resides with any lineal descendants, followed by the tribe who is recognized as aboriginally occupying the land on which the remains were found, followed by the tribe on whose land the remains or objects were actually found, followed by the tribe with the closest cultural affiliation and who stakes a claim to the remains.
D)   First ownership resides with the tribe who is recognized as aboriginally occupying the land on which the remains were found, followed by any lineal descendants, followed by the tribe on whose land the remains or objects were actually found, followed by the tribe with the closest cultural affiliation and who stakes a claim to the remains.

Question 12

The federal government estimates that of the 2 million archaeological sites presently recorded in the American Southwest, percent have been looted to some degree.

Accepted Answer

A)   5-10
B)   25-40
C)   50-90
D)   100

Question 13

If an archaeological site is considered significant under the National Historic Preservation Act, then it is:

Accepted Answer

A)   eligible for the National Register of Historic Places.
B)   automatically placed on the National Register of Historic Places.
C)   protected from all future activities that might be considered destructive, including excavation.
D)   still likely to be destroyed prior to investigation, as a determination of significance has no power to actually protect an archaeological site.

Question 14

Jack Lee Harelson was a dangerous looter, illegal gun salesman and attempted murderer. In his backyard were found

Accepted Answer

A)   antiquities that amounted to the "Rosetta Stone" of Nevada.
B)   10,000-year-old rifles that were some of the oldest dated in the world.
C)   baskets with bodies of two children, mummified in the dry desert.
D)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

The "area of potential effect" in a CRM survey consists of the area directly affected by the construction project, as well as areas that are anticipated to be affected by the project after its completion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The 1906 Antiquities Act:

Accepted Answer

A)   required a federal permit before excavating or collecting artifacts from federal land.
B)   required tribal consultation on all archaeological discoveries located on federal lands.
C)   required the repatriation of all Native American skeletal material and associated grave goods found on federal or tribal lands to culturally affiliated tribes.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 17

In compliance with Section 106, if sites are located during survey, determined eligible for the register, but cannot be avoided by the project, they might be

Accepted Answer

A)   slated for preservation by local or state entities.
B)   slated for "data recovery", which means extensive excavations and associated analyses of artifacts, ecofacts, and sediments.
C)   slated for destruction without recovering data.
D)   reason for hot debates among citizens, officials, and the project manager.

Question 18

Cultural affiliation under NAGPRA is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)   anthropological and archaeological evidence.
B)   folklore and oral tradition.
C)   geographical and historical evidence.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Question 19

U. S. Customs has estimated that illegal trafficking in antiquities may be second only to the drug trade in international crime.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The 100 countries that have signed the UNESCO Convention of 1970 agree to:

Accepted Answer

A)   regulate the import and export of cultural objects.
B)   forbid their nations' museums from acquiring illegally exported cultural objects, and return or otherwise provide restitution of cultural objects stolen from public institutions.
C)   establish ways to inform other nations when illegally exported objects are found within a country's borders, and establish a register of art dealers.
D)   All of the answers are correct.

Exam 15: Caring For Our Cultural Heritage

Archaeologists must balance the need for development with the need to protect precious archaeological resources. In the example of Machu Picchu

Which of the following was not created by the National Historic Preservation Act?

Even with the protection of ARPA, policing federal land does not stop the looting that continues to destroy the nation's cultural heritage.

The cost of cultural resource management projects is always paid by the federal government.

The NHPA requires that the government inventory federal lands for archaeological and historic sites. As a result

NAGPRA:

NAGPRA requires institutions receiving federal funds to inventory and attempt to affiliate and, if asked, repatriate human skeletal remains and associated grave goods to existing federally-recognized tribes.

The field that conducts activities related to compliance with legislation that protects cultural resources is:

Important sites exist in poor countries that cannot afford the luxuries of protecting their properties. A question brought out by the destruction of the 175-foot-tall, 1500-year-old Bamiyan Buddas by the Taliban was:

Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act:

Under NAGPRA, how is cultural affiliation of human skeletal remains and other covered items determined?

The federal government estimates that of the 2 million archaeological sites presently recorded in the American Southwest, percent have been looted to some degree.

If an archaeological site is considered significant under the National Historic Preservation Act, then it is:

Jack Lee Harelson was a dangerous looter, illegal gun salesman and attempted murderer. In his backyard were found

The "area of potential effect" in a CRM survey consists of the area directly affected by the construction project, as well as areas that are anticipated to be affected by the project after its completion.

The 1906 Antiquities Act:

In compliance with Section 106, if sites are located during survey, determined eligible for the register, but cannot be avoided by the project, they might be

Cultural affiliation under NAGPRA is determined by:

U. S. Customs has estimated that illegal trafficking in antiquities may be second only to the drug trade in international crime.

The 100 countries that have signed the UNESCO Convention of 1970 agree to: