Question 1

According to Aaron Beck, a person who is experiencing depression is most likely to have which of the following thoughts after failing an exam?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I did not have enough time to study; I will do better next time." 
B)  "Oh well, it was a hard test. Most of the class probably did poorly, too." 
C)  "This professor is out to get me." 
D)  "I am so stupid. There is no way I can pass this course."

Question 2

Dwight is very apathetic toward others. He does not show much outward emotion, his speech is slow, and he speaks in a monotone. If Dwight has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, then what he is displaying are ________ symptoms.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive 
B)  disorganized 
C)  negative 
D)  delusional

Question 3

Parker was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in grade school.
A) Explain the most common symptoms of this disorder. Provide at least two reasons why Parker might not have many friends.
B) Parker began attending preschool at age two. Do you think this contributed to his diagnosis of ADHD? Did his early entry into school make him more or less likely to be diagnosed? Explain your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Parker was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...

Question 4

Research has found that the cause of obsessive-compulsive disorder may be linked to all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  genetics. 
B)  classical conditioning. 
C)  operant conditioning. 
D)  observational learning.

Question 5

Mary experiences long periods of time when she feels very depressed. However, she occasionally goes through phases where she is highly focused on her painting and she creates beautiful works that provide a rewarding experience to her. It is most likely that Mary would be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

Accepted Answer

A)  major depressive 
B)  bipolar II 
C)  persistent depressive 
D)  bipolar I

Question 6

Juan has extreme difficulty using his math skills when compared with other students his age. However, his performance in other subject areas is above average. If Juan has a neurodevelopmental disorder, he is most likely to be diagnosed with a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  specific learning disorder. 
B)  autism spectrum disorder. 
C)  intellectual disability. 
D)  communication disorder.

Question 7

Dr. Vissage accurately describes the relationship between panic attacks and agoraphobia in which of the following statements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Having panic attacks has little to do with the development of agoraphobia. 
B)  Agoraphobia rarely occurs without panic attacks. 
C)  Panic attacks and agoraphobia have different biological causes. 
D)  Both panic attacks and agoraphobia result from having specific phobias in childhood.

Question 8

Carrie recently quit her job, packed up her car, and drove to Las Vegas, where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours. Based on this, Carrie may be experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  a manic episode. 
B)  depression. 
C)  obsessive-compulsive disorder. 
D)  a panic attack.

Question 9

Kumari is known for lacking empathy, easily manipulating others without remorse, and being deceitful.
A) Describe how personality disorders are abnormal (how do these people differ from people who do not have personality disorders?).
B) If Kumari has antisocial personality disorder, what other characteristics would you expect him to display? Give two specific examples.
C) If Kumari was a psychopath, how would he be different from someone with antisocial personality disorder? Give two specific examples.
D) Why might it be difficult to alter the behavior of people with antisocial personality disorder (or psychopaths)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Kumari is known for lacking empathy, easily...

Question 10

Noel is adamant that he is the greatest painter who has ever walked the face of the earth. Although his artwork more closely resembles the artwork of a two-year-old, he insists on finding an art gallery in his hometown that will sell his paintings, and he works on writing biographical articles to put in the local paper describing his greatness.
A) Describe Noel's behavior in psychological terms. What is a delusion? What type of delusion is Noel experiencing? List and define two other types of delusions that people with schizophrenia could have.
B) How might you be able to confirm that Noel is experiencing a delusion?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Noel is adamant that he is the...

Question 11

John was recently diagnosed with schizophrenia. He frequently makes statements that are not logical and contain repeating rhyming words, such as "The train brain rained on me." In this example, John is displaying

Accepted Answer

A)  disorganized speech. 
B)  hallucinations. 
C)  delusions. 
D)  negative symptoms.

Question 12

Family relationships, personality, and genetic factors that might contribute to psychological disorders would be elements that psychologists who follow ________ would consider.

Accepted Answer

A)  a biopsychosocial approach 
B)  criteria in DSM-5 
C)  the diathesis-stress model 
D)  a dimensional approach

Question 13

Mellie has not been out of the house in three weeks because she is afraid that people are following her and planning on hurting her, which makes her very worried. Mellie's neighbors are worried about her. Which of the following statements does NOT characterize Mellie's experience?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her behavior may be adaptive. 
B)  Her behavior is upsetting to others. 
C)  Her behavior deviates from social norms. 
D)  Her behavior is personally distressing.

Question 14

Sally is in jail for assault but she consistently tells the police that she does not remember arguing with her boyfriend or hitting him with her car. In fact, she cannot remember anything that happened over the last two days. If Sally is telling the truth, then she may be experiencing dissociative

Accepted Answer

A)  amnesia. 
B)  personality disorder. 
C)  identity disorder. 
D)  fugue.

Question 15

You are worried because you have been feeling very down lately. Which of the following would most likely DECREASE your risk of developing major depressive disorder?

Accepted Answer

A)  damaging your left prefrontal cortex 
B)  attributing positive events in your life to your own hard work 
C)  entering REM sleep more often and staying in REM sleep longer 
D)  feeling that you are not capable of changing your life's course

Question 16

A mood disorder characterized by mildly or moderately depressed moods that persists for two years or more is called

Accepted Answer

A)  persistent depressive disorder. 
B)  ordinary periodic sadness. 
C)  major depressive disorder. 
D)  seasonal affective disorder (SA
D) .

Question 17

Panic attacks and agoraphobia are related disorders of emotion.
A) Describe each disorder, including an explanation of the major symptoms.
B) Can you have panic attacks without agoraphobia? Can you have agoraphobia without panic attacks?
C) Discuss two factors that can lead to the development of anxiety disorders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Panic attacks and agoraphobia are related disorders...

Question 18

Two-year-old Antonina's parents notice that she rarely says any words and has never really made eye contact with them. She is intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on clothing and pays little attention to anything else. Antonina

Accepted Answer

A)  could be diagnosed with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. 
B)  will be at higher risk for a motor disorder. 
C)  will be at lower risk for intellectual disability. 
D)  could be diagnosed with autism.

Question 19

Leonard is a 32-year-old chemical engineer. He was diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a child. Compared with his friends who do not have ADHD, Leonard is more likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  also have a personality disorder. 
B)  struggle to be successful at work. 
C)  resist any changes to his work environment because it upsets him. 
D)  have problems with depression.

Question 20

Although attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is commonly diagnosed, the cause of ADHD has been difficult to determine. The main reason for this is that

Accepted Answer

A)  ADHD lacks a genetic component. 
B)  the brains of people with ADHD develop much faster than those without. 
C)  children with ADHD also typically have other disorders. 
D)  since behavioral profiles vary, it is likely that there is more than one cause.

Exam 14: Psychological Disorders