Question 1

Centration assists in developing logical operations.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that people have with themselves either silently or aloud is referred to as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind 
B)  guided participation 
C)  private speech 
D)  apprenticeship

Question 3

Logical extension involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  using a newly learned word to describe other objects in the same category 
B)  mentally charting new words 
C)  applying a new concept to a preexisting category 
D)  equilibration

Question 4

In terms of early-childhood learning, research has found that if the home educational quality is poor, then _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a quality preschool is especially beneficial 
B)  attendance at preschool is detrimental 
C)  a day care will be more beneficial than a preschool 
D)  a child-centered program will be more beneficial than another approach

Question 5

Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Children typically understand the basics of grammar _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  when they are toddlers 
B)  when their vocabulary is about 300 words 
C)  when their vocabulary is about 600 words 
D)  after age 5

Question 7

The internal dialogue in which one talks to oneself either aloud or in one's mind is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The internal dialogue in which one talks...

Question 8

When shown a novel object and told that it is called a "wug," preschoolers know that two of those objects would be two "wugs." This ability to correctly add an -s when pluralizing is evidence of their proper use of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  inflections 
B)  logical extensions 
C)  grammar 
D)  theory-theory

Question 9

_____ is the rapid and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by placing them in mental categories based on their perceived meaning.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _____ is the rapid and sometimes imprecise...

Question 10

For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children's thinking skills.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Reggio Emilia programs emphasize formal classroom instruction by the teacher.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  assistance is offered in a warm and gentle manner 
B)  child is at least 6 years old 
C)  child is in the period of preoperations 
D)  skill is within the child's zone of proximal development

Question 13

The view that children's cognitive development is embedded in a social context originated with the work of _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The view that children's cognitive development is...

Question 14

Piaget called the stage of human cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 "preoperational intelligence" because children do not yet _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  have intelligence 
B)  use logical operations 
C)  understand language 
D)  produce language

Question 15

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operational 
B)  formal operational 
C)  preoperational intelligence 
D)  sensorimotor

Question 16

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement for academic accomplishments 
B)  assimilation and accommodation skills 
C)  children's creativity and artistic talent 
D)  self-esteem and self-concept

Question 17

Nine-year-old Bobby has no problem understanding that the 20-year-old woman who sometimes stays with him is both a student and a babysitter. According to Piaget, this is because Bobby's thinking has moved beyond _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation 
B)  object permanence 
C)  overregularization 
D)  centration

Question 18

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  interacts with a mentor to accomplish a task 
B)  be told instructions for a task only once 
C)  discovers the solution to a task on his or her own 
D)  be taught new skills by other children

Question 19

Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, Mason, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin "pancake." When Daryl asks Mason if there is now more Silly Putty, Mason replies "Yes" because he has _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  an understanding of scaffolding 
B)  not mastered the concept of conservation 
C)  an understanding of object permanence 
D)  demonstrated fast-mapping

Question 20

Why does a language shift typically occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  As children begin attending school, they talk to their parents less and therefore lose motivation to use the minority language. 
B)  Children slowly forget the minority language as they acquire the majority language. 
C)  Theory-theory leads children to conclude that the minority language is inferior to the majority language. 
D)  Schools prohibit the use of the minority language.

Exam 9: Early Childhood: Cognitive Development

Centration assists in developing logical operations.

According to Vygotsky, the internal dialogue that people have with themselves either silently or aloud is referred to as _____.

Logical extension involves _____.

In terms of early-childhood learning, research has found that if the home educational quality is poor, then _____.

Ten-year-old Sarah and 5-year-old Haley were making a special birthday card for their grandmother. As Sarah patiently showed Haley how to carefully glue the lace around the card's edges, she provided scaffolding for Haley.

Children typically understand the basics of grammar _____.

The internal dialogue in which one talks to oneself either aloud or in one's mind is called _____.

When shown a novel object and told that it is called a "wug," preschoolers know that two of those objects would be two "wugs." This ability to correctly add an -s when pluralizing is evidence of their proper use of _____.

_____ is the rapid and sometimes imprecise way in which children learn new words by placing them in mental categories based on their perceived meaning.

For a long time, developmentalists such as Piaget overestimated children's thinking skills.

Reggio Emilia programs emphasize formal classroom instruction by the teacher.

A child who is unable to read a picture book independently gets help from an adult to accomplish the task. This assistance will only be effective if the _____.

The view that children's cognitive development is embedded in a social context originated with the work of _____.

Piaget called the stage of human cognitive development between the ages of 2 and 6 "preoperational intelligence" because children do not yet _____.

What is Piaget's term for cognitive development between the ages of about 2 and 6?

The Reggio Emilia early-childhood program focuses on _____.

Nine-year-old Bobby has no problem understanding that the 20-year-old woman who sometimes stays with him is both a student and a babysitter. According to Piaget, this is because Bobby's thinking has moved beyond _____.

According to Vygotsky, guided participation requires that a child _____.

Daryl has a ball of Silly Putty. His 6-year-old son, Mason, watches as Daryl flattens the Silly Putty into a thin "pancake." When Daryl asks Mason if there is now more Silly Putty, Mason replies "Yes" because he has _____.

Why does a language shift typically occur?