Question 1

The controversy of stability versus change is closely linked to which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasticity. 
B)  contextualism. 
C)  multidimensionalism. 
D)  multidirectionality.

Question 2

List one contribution and one criticism of cognitive theories of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List one contribution and one criticism of...

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT among Paul Baltes' eight characteristics of the life-span perspective on development?

Accepted Answer

A)  lifelong and multidirectional 
B)  multidimensional and plastic 
C)  contextual 
D)  unidirectional

Question 4

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the difference between a theory...

Question 5

Briefly discuss the difference between developmentalists who favor stability vs. developmentalists who favor change in the stability-change issue.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly discuss the difference between developmentalists who...

Question 6

If it is shown that people who eat bananas are more likely to have diabetes, it does not necessarily mean that bananas cause diabetes because _____ does not equal _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimentation; causation 
B)  experimentation; correlation 
C)  causation; correlation 
D)  correlation; causation

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of how development is contextual?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reasoning ability is biologically finite and cannot be improved through retraining. 
B)  Parents in the United States are more likely to rear their children to be independent than parents in Japan. 
C)  Older adults call on experience to guide their decision making. 
D)  Intelligence may be studied by looking at genetics, anthropology, sociology, and other disciplines.

Question 8

Which of the following is manipulated during an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent variable 
B)  correlation coefficient 
C)  independent variable 
D)  observed effect

Question 9

Shawn's job requires lots of travel, and the demands of his job are affecting his marriage and his child's relations with him. This relationship between Shawn's job and his child's development illustrates Bronfenbrenner's concept of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  microsystem. 
B)  exosystem. 
C)  chronosystem. 
D)  macrosystem.

Question 10

Which research method is used to determine causality?

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational 
B)  experimental 
C)  observational 
D)  descriptive

Question 11

According to Erikson, a preschooler is in the _____ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  trust versus mistrust 
B)  initiative versus guilt 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  identity versus identity confusion

Exam 1: Introduction