Question 1

The period of early childhood typically ends when the child

Accepted Answer

A)  is toilet trained. 
B)  learns to dress herself. 
C)  starts first grade. 
D)  has mastered reading, writing, and arithmetic.

Question 2

Although the maximum life span of humans has not changed, during the twentieth century, life expectancy

Accepted Answer

A)  in the United States increased by 15 years. 
B)  in the world increased by 15 years. 
C)  in the United States increased by 30 years. 
D)  in the world increased by 30 years.

Question 3

Although Angie was somewhat irresponsible as a teen, she changed her ways when she entered college and leased her first apartment. This example most directly relates to the developmental issue of

Accepted Answer

A)  stability and nature. 
B)  stability and change. 
C)  continuity and discontinuity. 
D)  nature and nurture.

Question 4

Neleh was on a popular reality TV show and got widespread exposure. This is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  nonnormative life event. 
B)  normative age-graded influence. 
C)  normative history-graded influence. 
D)  normative contextual influence.

Question 5

The life-span development concept of plasticity aligns most closely with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  stability 
B)  change 
C)  nature 
D)  nurture

Question 6

The functional capacities of a person's vital organ system indicate _____ age.

Accepted Answer

A)  chronological 
B)  biological 
C)  psychological 
D)  social

Question 7

During her intake interview, Jody's psychiatrist asks for a familial history of mental disorders, as well as for details about her childhood friends, neighborhood, and schools. The psychiatrist is gathering information related to the influence of _____ on development.

Accepted Answer

A)  biology and environment 
B)  biology 
C)  environment 
D)  cognitive acuity and coping skills

Question 8

A researcher uses a video camera to record children as they play on a school playground. This researcher is conducting a

Accepted Answer

A)  case study. 
B)  naturalistic observation. 
C)  standardized test. 
D)  survey.

Question 9

Some professors want to teach about the life-span approach in a Human Development course, whereas others want to keep the traditional developmental approach. They disagree about

Accepted Answer

A)  the plasticity of development. 
B)  the multidimensional nature of development. 
C)  whether development is lifelong. 
D)  whether development is multidirectional.

Question 10

Conceptualize a problem to be studied, collect research information, analyze data, and draw conclusions. These steps describe

Accepted Answer

A)  discontinuity in development. 
B)  the scientific method. 
C)  a hypothesis. 
D)  a theory.

Question 11

On average, at what age do people enter the "oldest old" age group as classified by Paul Baltes and Jacqui Smith?

Accepted Answer

A)  50 years 
B)  65 years 
C)  75 years 
D)  85 years

Question 12

To chart the development of gross motor coordination over the life span, researchers tested individuals ranging in age from childhood to old age. Which approach did they take?

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  longitudinal 
C)  both cross-sectional and longitudinal 
D)  neither cross-sectional nor longitudinal

Question 13

List one contribution and one criticism of behavioral and social cognitive theories of development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List one contribution and one criticism of...

Question 14

According to life-span development expert Paul Baltes, which age period dominates development?

Accepted Answer

A)  infancy-childhood 
B)  adolescence-early adulthood 
C)  middle-aged to late adulthood 
D)  No single age group dominates development.

Question 15

While maintaining that children actively construct their knowledge, Vygotsky focused on _____ in explaining child cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A)  social interaction. 
B)  concrete operations. 
C)  formal operations. 
D)  organization and adaptation.

Question 16

Which theory would provide the BEST support for your belief in using incentives and time-outs as ways to help children behave?

Accepted Answer

A)  Skinner's behaviorism 
B)  Piaget's cognitive theory 
C)  Erikson's psychosocial stages 
D)  Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory

Question 17

Which developmental theory most fully realizes Baltes' assertion that development is contextual?

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalytic 
B)  social cognitive 
C)  ecological 
D)  ethological

Question 18

The term "ethnic gloss" refers to a tendency to make ethnic groups appear to

Accepted Answer

A)  be more homogeneous than they really are. 
B)  be more diverse than they really are. 
C)  commit more crimes than they actually do. 
D)  be more different than each other than they really are.

Question 19

If you believe that development occurs in stages, and you focus on cognitive development in an attempt to explain how children actively construct their own view of the world, then you are mostly likely to believe the development theory of

Accepted Answer

A)  Vygotsky. 
B)  Piaget. 
C)  Erikson. 
D)  Freud.

Question 20

Briefly describe the cross-sectional approach to research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly describe the cross-sectional approach to research....

Exam 1: Introduction