Question 1

Why is Horney considered a pioneer in psychology?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is Horney considered a pioneer in...

Question 2

The tendency of raters to be excessively influenced in their overall evaluation of a person by one or a few favourable or unfavourable traits is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the halo effect. 
B)  post-test error. 
C)  impression formation. 
D)  the primacy effect.

Question 3

Freud believed that sexual problems in adulthood, difficulty relating to members of the opposite sex, and even homosexuality could result from failure to resolve conflicts at the

Accepted Answer

A)  oral stage. 
B)  anal stage. 
C)  genital stage. 
D)  phallic stage.

Question 4

The definition of the term "personality" includes which of the following aspects?

Accepted Answer

A)  idiosyncratic features which cannot be measured 
B)  unique patterns of behaving 
C)  unique features for which measurement devices exist 
D)  unique patterns of thinking

Question 5

Freud believed that the few people who reach the genital stage of psychosexual development without having fixations at earlier stages can achieve the state of psychological health that he equated with the ability to

Accepted Answer

A)  remain at the genital stage. 
B)  love and work. 
C)  love and party. 
D)  work and play.

Question 6

Which statement is not true of people low in self-efficacy?

Accepted Answer

A)  They persist in their efforts. 
B)  They avoid challenge. 
C)  They expect failure. 
D)  They lack confidence.

Question 7

The concept of the superego is similar to the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  conscience. 
B)  socialization. 
C)  justice. 
D)  self-actualization.

Question 8

Like Freud, Jung emphasized

Accepted Answer

A)  the importance of the unconscious. 
B)  that personality is almost completely formed in childhood. 
C)  the sex instinct as a main factor in personality. 
D)  the existence of the collective unconscious.

Question 9

The moral system of personality, which consists of conscience and ego ideal, is the

Accepted Answer

A)  superego. 
B)  ego. 
C)  preconscious. 
D)  id.

Question 10

Describe the logic of twin studies.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Michel recently quit smoking, and now he constantly talks about how disgusting and dangerous smoking is. What defence mechanism might Michel be using?

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  displacement 
C)  regression 
D)  sublimation

Question 12

What are the components that make up Bandura's concept of reciprocal determinism, and how do they interact?

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Which of the following is Jung's term for an inherited tendency to respond in particular ways to universal human situations that exist within the collective unconscious?

Accepted Answer

A)  icons 
B)  archetypes 
C)  engrams 
D)  mandalas

Question 14

According to Freud, which of the following reside in the conscious?

Accepted Answer

A)  selfish needs 
B)  stored knowledge 
C)  repressed memories 
D)  moment-to-moment thoughts and feelings

Question 15

From the perspective of Rogers, describe conditions of worth and its role in our experience of stress and anxiety.

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Question 16

According to Rogers, usually our parents do not view us positively regardless of our behaviour. They set up conditional positive regard-conditions on which their positive regard hinges.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The Rorschach Ink Blot Test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) are examples of what kind of tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  projective tests 
B)  subjective tests 
C)  achievement tests 
D)  objective tests

Question 18

Define three of the following defence mechanisms and provide an example of each: (1) repression, (2) projection, (3) displacement, (4) sublimation, and (5) rationalization.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

According to Freud, repression operates in all of the following ways, except

Accepted Answer

A)  removing painful memories from consciousness and keeping them in the unconscious. 
B)  preventing disturbing aggressive impulses in the unconscious from entering consciousness. 
C)  preventing disturbing sexual impulses in the unconscious from entering consciousness. 
D)  rechannelling sexual or aggressive energy into pursuits and accomplishments that society considers praiseworthy.

Question 20

Displacement is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  making excuses to justify our failures or mistakes. 
B)  reverting to a behaviour that might have reduced anxiety at an earlier stage of development. 
C)  taking out our frustrations on a less threatening person or object. 
D)  attributing our own undesirable thoughts or behaviour to others.

Exam 11: Personality, Theory and Assessment