Question 1

Which statement best summarizes the results of research that presents hostile humor to angry participants?

Accepted Answer

A)  The findings are almost completely consistent with Freud's theory. 
B)  The findings support the Freudian prediction about catharsis but not the prediction about reducing aggression. 
C)  The findings are mixed, sometimes supporting Freud's predictions, sometimes not. 
D)  The findings are almost completely at odds with Freud's theory.

Question 2

According to recent research findings, REM sleep appears to be necessary to

Accepted Answer

A)  maintain one's mental health. 
B)  guard against serious psychological disturbances. 
C)  prepare us for dealing with anxiety-arousing events. 
D)  allow any consolidation of memories of events that take place during waking hours.

Question 3

After a tragic event, like hurricane Katrina, people often make jokes about the tragedy. Freud might explain this behavior in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  denial. 
B)  symbolic expression of hostility. 
C)  reaction formation. 
D)  tension reduction.

Question 4

According to Freud, the content of our dreams reveals

Accepted Answer

A)  what has been on our mind when we are awake. 
B)  implicit punishments and rewards. 
C)  what is going on in our unconscious. 
D)  what we value the most about ourselves.

Question 5

Freud identified which defense mechanism as the cornerstone of psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sublimation 
B)  Dreaming 
C)  Repression 
D)  Denial

Question 6

Which of the following conclusions has been supported by the results of REM sleep research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Depriving someone of REM sleep leads to severe psychological disturbances. 
B)  Dreaming does have psychological benefits, but a reduced amount of REM sleep is not necessary associated with serious psychological problems. 
C)  Greater than average amounts of REM sleep indicates psychological problems. 
D)  Without REM sleep, it is impossible to perform stressful tasks.

Question 7

Sammy is 12 years old. Which of the following defense mechanisms is he likely to resort to when dealing with the fact that he just accidentally broke his mother's favorite vase by playing with his baseball in the house?

Accepted Answer

A)  Denial 
B)  Projection 
C)  Identification 
D)  Sublimation

Question 8

Participants in hypnosis research were told the experimenter's machinery can determine if they are lying or not. These participants often failed to show posthypnotic amnesia. This finding is seen as evidence for

Accepted Answer

A)  neodissociation theory. 
B)  psychoanalytic theories of hypnosis. 
C)  sociocognitive theories of hypnosis. 
D)  the "hidden observer" phenomenon.

Question 9

According to Freud, the type of defense mechanisms that adults are likely to use is related to

Accepted Answer

A)  whether or not they are in a stable, romantic relationship. 
B)  adequate resolution of the psychosexual stages of development. 
C)  the level of neurotic anxiety they experience. 
D)  their childhood experiences.

Question 10

The "hidden observer" demonstrations are used to support the ____________theory of hypnosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  absorption 
B)  role 
C)  nontrance 
D)  neodissociation

Question 11

Which of the following has been found effective for improving a person's hypnotic responsiveness?

Accepted Answer

A)  Finding a compatible hypnotist 
B)  Giving the subject more experience with hypnosis 
C)  Creating a setting of active involvement rather than passive participation 
D)  Changing the subject's personality

Question 12

Psychoanalytically oriented theorists explain posthypnotic amnesia by arguing that

Accepted Answer

A)  the experience has been recorded in a part of the mind not accessible to consciousness. 
B)  participants do what they think they are supposed to do. 
C)  participants have not been given an adequate incentive to report the experience. 
D)  participants do not record the experience anywhere in memory.

Question 13

Each person relies more on some defense mechanisms and less on others when the ego is threatened. Psychologists refer to this contrast as differences in

Accepted Answer

A)  defensive style. 
B)  ego strength. 
C)  preferred id impulses. 
D)  mental health.

Question 14

Give a description of your own of the defense mechanisms used by children and contrast them with those used by adults. Give examples of different individual differences in defense mechanisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give a description of your own of...

Question 15

Before the use of more sophisticated defense mechanisms, children most often use projection as a defense mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following concepts do sociocognitive theorists often use to explain the behavior of hypnotic subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Expectancy 
B)  Motivation 
C)  Concentration 
D)  All of these are correct

Question 17

According to sociocognitive theorists, participants in hypnosis demonstrations act the way they do because

Accepted Answer

A)  the controlling influence of the ego is temporarily removed under hypnosis. 
B)  consciousness has been divided into accessible and nonaccessible pockets. 
C)  participants act the way they think they are supposed to act. 
D)  participants act on the pleasure principle.

Question 18

According to Freud, presenting angry people with hostile humor should

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to an increase in aggression. 
B)  lead to a cathartic release of tension and an increase in aggression. 
C)  lead to a cathartic release of tension and a decrease in aggression. 
D)  increase anger but not aggression.

Question 19

Researchers find that some people tend to rely on unconscious defense mechanisms more than others. They refer to these individual patterns as the person's

Accepted Answer

A)  coping style. 
B)  developmental level. 
C)  emotional maturity level. 
D)  defensive style.

Question 20

List and describe the techniques used to increase hypnotic responsiveness. Explain why it can be said that hypnosis is largely a participant variable.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe the techniques used to...

Exam 4: The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research