Question 1

The defense mechanism upon which the whole structure of psychoanalysis rests is the one known as repression.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 2

An honors student is caught stealing money from his teacher's desk. The teacher tells the student to report after school to discuss the incident. However, when the student arrives later that day, he cannot remember doing what the teacher accuses him of. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   repression.
B)   sublimation.
C)   displacement.
D)   denial. A

Question 3

Describe Freud's collaboration with Joseph Breuer, noting their work with Anna O. and identifying the treatment techniques that emerged from that famous case.

Accepted Answer

Freud's collaboration with Joseph Breuer began in the late 19th century and was centered around their work with a patient named Anna O. Anna O. suffered from symptoms of hysteria, including paralysis and hallucinations. Breuer used a technique called catharsis, where Anna would talk about her symptoms and memories associated with them, which seemed to provide her with some relief. This led to the development of the "talking cure," where patients would talk through their issues to gain insight and relief.

Freud and Breuer's work with Anna O. led to the development of psychoanalysis, a form of therapy that focuses on uncovering unconscious conflicts and desires. They also developed the concept of transference, where patients transfer their feelings about important figures in their lives onto their therapist. This became a key aspect of psychoanalytic therapy.

Overall, their collaboration with Anna O. and their work with her symptoms led to the development of several key treatment techniques, including the talking cure, catharsis, and the exploration of unconscious conflicts and desires. These techniques formed the foundation of psychoanalysis and have had a lasting impact on the field of psychology.

Question 4

A businesswoman is upset with her husband. She channels this anger into her work and increases her productivity dramatically. This tendency to refocus an unacceptable or threatening impulse into a socially acceptable outlet is the defense mechanism called____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   sublimation
B)   displacement
C)   reaction formation
D)   projection

Question 5

In psychoanalysis, patients are asked to lie on a couch while the therapist sits out of sight. This arrangement is designed to create a space where the client can say whatever comes to mind. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)   dream interpretation.
B)   free association.
C)   projection.
D)   transference.

Question 6

According to Freud, there is a difference between the manifest content and the latent content of our dreams because

Accepted Answer

A)   one is controlled by the id and one by the ego and superego.
B)   many of our unconscious thoughts and desires would be difficult for us to face upon waking.
C)   we can only recall the manifest content after waking up.
D)   one is conscious and the other unconscious.

Question 7

According to Freud, "Freudian slips"

Accepted Answer

A)   are an example of free association.
B)   provide clues about unconscious associations.
C)   indicate that psychoanalysis is progressing because the crucial unconscious material is close to breaking into consciousness.
D)   occur almost exclusively during psychoanalysis.

Question 8

According to Freud, many accidents are

Accepted Answer

A)   caused by the death instinct.
B)   unconsciously motivated.
C)   a type of defense mechanism.
D)   repressed immediately.

Question 9

Make a list of the defense mechanisms proposed by Freud. For each mechanism, give an example from your own life or someone you know who has used the defense mechanism to reduce or avoid anxiety.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Make a list of the defense mechanisms...

Question 10

Which of the following is true about hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Hypnosis is not a real phenomenon because hypnotized people are faking it.
B)   After using hypnosis for a time, Freud began using it exclusively.
C)   Freud always made hypnosis a large part of therapy.
D)   Freud grew disillusioned by the limitations of hypnosis and turned to free association as a treatment technique.

Question 11

Which of the following is correct about Freud's description of the Oedipus complex that occurs during the phallic stage of psychosexual development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Resolution of the Oedipus complex leads to the development of the superego.
B)   During this stage, girls wish they had male genitals and boys wish they had female genitals.
C)   Resolution of the Oedipus complex sends children into a stage in which they are physically attracted to members of the opposite sex but not their parents.
D)   It takes place during the end of the oral stage.

Question 12

During free association, a patient is encouraged to

Accepted Answer

A)   search his or her mind for clues about unconscious thoughts.
B)   report only those thoughts that seem psychologically significant.
C)   lapse into silence on occasion to get in touch with unconscious thoughts.
D)   say whatever comes into his or her mind.

Question 13

Elisa was put up for adoption when she was 4 years of age. She was old enough to remember her mother taking her to the center, leaving her there, and then the subsequent stays at home while waiting for a new family. Now an adult, Elisa does not have immediate access to those memories even though they are buried deep inside her. Freud would argue that these painful memories are stored in Elisa's____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   unconscious
B)   preconscious
C)   libido
D)   Oedipus complex

Question 14

A man is angry with his wife, but instead of confronting her, he begins to shout at their children for leaving a single toy on the floor. This is an example of a defense mechanism called

Accepted Answer

A)   repression.
B)   sublimation.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.

Question 15

Which of the following, which describes the case where a therapist displaces their own feelings toward other individuals onto a client, is not a step in successful psychoanalysis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Resistance
B)   Transference
C)   Countertransference
D)   Dream interpretation

Question 16

One discovery that was surprising to Freud was that many of the memories that patients uncovered during free association concerned:

Accepted Answer

A)   frightening dreams that the patient has no conscious recollection of.
B)   intense desires to harm other people who the patient felt were deserving of some form of punishment.
C)   issues related to the patients' sexual orientation.
D)   traumatic sexual experiences, many of which occurred in early childhood.

Question 17

Which components make up the topographic model of Freud's theory of personality?

Accepted Answer

A)   The id, ego, and superego
B)   The conscious, preconscious, and unconscious
C)   The oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital stages of development
D)   Denial, repression, and regression

Question 18

Discuss how Freud discovered the unconscious, including his use of hypnosis and free association to get at unconscious material. Describe the relationship between the topographical model and the structural model Freud proposed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss how Freud discovered the unconscious, including...

Question 19

The life instinct to which Freud attributed most of our behaviors is called

Accepted Answer

A)   id.
B)   neurotic impulse.
C)   libido.
D)   the structural model.

Question 20

Which statement is true about the superego?

Accepted Answer

A)   The superego is present in newborn children.
B)   The healthiest personality is one in which superego has control over ego and id.
C)   The actions of the superego are based on the reality principle.
D)   The superego represents society's standards and values, most notably those of one's parents.

Exam 3: The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment