Question 1

During World War II, many academic psychologists were pressed into service, mainly as

Accepted Answer

A)  clinicians. 
B)  physicians. 
C)  teachers. 
D)  military leaders.

Question 2

Freud concluded that psychological disturbances are largely caused by

Accepted Answer

A)  unrealistic demands from family and friends. 
B)  personal conflicts existing at an unconscious level. 
C)  genetic predispositions to behave in a particular way. 
D)  conflicts between conscious desires and environmental constraints.

Question 3

Humanists believe that people's behavior is governed by

Accepted Answer

A)  their self-concepts. 
B)  unconscious sexual urges. 
C)  the outcomes of their responses. 
D)  biochemical processes.

Question 4

The "school" of psychology that emphasizes unique qualities of people compared to other animals is

Accepted Answer

A)  evolutionary psychology. 
B)  cognitive psychology. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  humanism.

Question 5

Currently, the two largest areas of specialization in research-oriented psychology are

Accepted Answer

A)  clinical and counseling. 
B)  developmental and clinical. 
C)  developmental and social. 
D)  social and counseling.

Question 6

Which of the following statements regarding the difference between a clinical psychologist and a psychiatrist is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychiatrists cannot prescribe drugs. 
B)  A clinical psychologist has a medical degree. 
C)  Both clinical psychologists and psychiatrists receive medical training. 
D)  Clinical psychologists tend to take a non-medical approach to the treatment of psychological disorders.

Question 7

Imagine that the editor of your local newspaper writes a column supporting a reduction in government intervention with a transfer of more rights to individual citizens. The editor bases this argument on the assumption that people are rational beings who will fulfill their maximum potential as long as others do not infringe on their basic human needs. This editor's views reflect those seen in

Accepted Answer

A)  the evolutionary perspective. 
B)  the humanistic perspective. 
C)  the psychodynamic perspective. 
D)  the behavioral perspective.

Question 8

In the 1950s Skinner argued that psychology should return to a strict interpretation of the principles of

Accepted Answer

A)  humanism. 
B)  functionalism. 
C)  behaviorism. 
D)  psychoanalysis.

Question 9

A psychological perspective that emerged in the 1950s and 1960s which reflects a renewed interest in the study of the mind or consciousness that existed in psychology when it first became a science in the late 1800s is

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive perspective. 
B)  mental perspective. 
C)  philosophical perspective. 
D)  biological perspective.

Question 10

According to Wilhelm Wundt, the focus of psychology was on the scientific study of

Accepted Answer

A)  observable behavior. 
B)  conscious experience. 
C)  unconscious motivation. 
D)  the functions of behavior.

Question 11

According to John Watson, behavior is governed primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  heredity. 
B)  personal motives. 
C)  the environment. 
D)  unconscious desires.

Question 12

The world's largest organization devoted to the advancement of psychology is the

Accepted Answer

A)  World Psychology Organization. 
B)  American Psychological Society. 
C)  American Psychological Association. 
D)  Psychologists of North America.

Question 13

Ramon is a graduate student whose major area of interest is cognitive psychology. You should expect that Ramon is MOST interested in

Accepted Answer

A)  understanding mental processes such as memory and learning. 
B)  the ways in which physical or genetic factors influence and determine behavior. 
C)  the internal factors that lead people to act consistently across a variety of situations. 
D)  how people relate to each other and influence each other.

Question 14

Brooke is a graduate student whose major area of interest is in describing and understanding the consistency in people's behavior. Which research is Brooke MOST likely to specialize in?

Accepted Answer

A)  social psychology 
B)  personality psychology 
C)  cognitive psychology 
D)  physiological psychology

Exam 1: The Evolution of Psychology Part 1