Question 1

Hopefully, right now the words in this exam question are in your ____ awareness.

Accepted Answer

A)  conscious 
B)  preconscious 
C)  unconscious 
D)  subconscious

Question 2

Alonzo entered a weight-loss program severally years ago, and successfully lost 50 pounds and has remained at the weight his doctor says is healthy since that time. According to research on Bandura's theory, you would assume Alonzo:

Accepted Answer

A)  has successfully resolved his Oedipal complex. 
B)  has an unresolved Oedipal complex. 
C)  is low in self-efficacy. 
D)  is high in self-efficacy.

Question 3

Ashley is nine years old, and it seems that every day she brings home a different friend from school. As she expands her social contacts beyond her immediate family, Ashley is showing behavior that is typical during Freud's

Accepted Answer

A)  latency stage of psychosexual development. 
B)  genital stage of psychosexual development. 
C)  phallic stage of psychosexual development. 
D)  preconscious stage of psychosexual development.

Question 4

When people attempt to bolster their self-esteem by forming an imaginary or real alliance with some person or group, they are using

Accepted Answer

A)  regression. 
B)  displacement. 
C)  identification. 
D)  rationalization.

Question 5

According to Freud, which of the following is entirely unconscious?

Accepted Answer

A)  the self 
B)  the id 
C)  the superego 
D)  the ego

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT a commonly accepted concept associated with psychodynamic personality theories?

Accepted Answer

A)  early childhood experiences can influence adult personality 
B)  a person's subjective view of the world is more important than objective reality 
C)  internal conflict often plays a key role in generating psychological distress 
D)  unconscious forces can influence behavior

Question 7

Jung is to analytical psychology as Adler is to

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic psychology. 
B)  individual psychology. 
C)  superior psychology. 
D)  compensatory psychology.

Question 8

A Freudian might explain a compulsive smoker's behavior as being the result of fixation at the

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage. 
B)  oral stage. 
C)  latency stage. 
D)  genital stage.

Question 9

The majority view among psychologists today is that most aspects of personality are derived from ____ basic traits.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  16 
C)  approximately 50 
D)  over 4500

Question 10

According to Freud, the ____ is "like a man on horseback who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse."

Accepted Answer

A)  ego 
B)  id 
C)  superego 
D)  alter ego

Question 11

Marcos is very quiet and avoids large groups. Some people consider him unfriendly, and he seldom takes a stand or acts assertively. Based on the five-factor model of personality, Macros would probably score

Accepted Answer

A)  low in extraversion. 
B)  low in agreeableness. 
C)  high in neuroticism. 
D)  low in openness.

Question 12

Which of the following theoretical perspectives would be most likely to argue that a person's subjective view of the world is more important than the objective reality?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral approach 
B)  cognitive approach 
C)  humanistic approach 
D)  biological approach

Question 13

According to Freud, a person may become fixated at a particular psychosexual stage because of

Accepted Answer

A)  permissiveness on the part of the person's parents. 
B)  a genetic predisposition for fixation. 
C)  either excessive gratification or excessive frustration of needs. 
D)  abnormalities in brain chemistry that develop prenatally.

Question 14

The Freudian period that begins with puberty is the

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage. 
B)  genital stage. 
C)  phallic stage. 
D)  latency stage.

Question 15

Jason just sat down to work on his term paper when his friends called and invited him to a party. If Jason decides he will only go to the party after he finishes outlining the term paper, his decision reflects the functioning of his

Accepted Answer

A)  id. 
B)  superego. 
C)  ego. 
D)  preconscious.

Question 16

The order of the stages in psychosexual development is

Accepted Answer

A)  anal, oral, phallic, genital, latency. 
B)  oral, anal, latency, phallic, genital. 
C)  oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital. 
D)  anal, oral, genital, latency, phallic.

Question 17

The central aspect of Adler's theory of personality is that people

Accepted Answer

A)  must resolve conflicts between the needs of society and the needs of the self. 
B)  have a dynamic interplay between the structures of their mental life that must be maintained in a state of balance and harmony. 
C)  strive to adapt and master life's challenges. 
D)  have a drive to resolve the discrepancy between their real selves and their ideal selves.

Question 18

Which of Freud's psychosexual stages did he see as society's first systematic effort to regulate the child impulses?

Accepted Answer

A)  anal stage 
B)  oral stage 
C)  latency stage 
D)  genital stage

Question 19

When psychologists use personality to explain why not everyone acts the same in similar situations which quality of the concept are they are using?

Accepted Answer

A)  consistency 
B)  distinctiveness 
C)  situational shifts 
D)  interpersonal similarities

Question 20

Dr. Seefeldt believes that early childhood experiences have no more influence on personality than later experiences have, and he thinks that our personality is simply a collection of response tendencies that are emitted in different situations. Dr. Seefeldt's views most closely mirror those of the

Accepted Answer

A)  psychodynamic perspective. 
B)  humanistic perspective. 
C)  behavioral perspective. 
D)  biological perspective.

Exam 23: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 1