Question 1

Which personality test was originally designed to aid in the diagnosis of psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

A)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) 
B)  Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) 
C)  The Sixteen Personality (16PF) Questionnaire 
D)  NEO Personality Inventory

Question 2

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms of projective tests?

Accepted Answer

A)  Their accuracy depends on the order in which the stimuli are presented. 
B)  They are deceptive attempts to get at the unconscious. 
C)  There is inadequate evidence for the reliability of projective measures. 
D)  More effort is needed to respond to them than in the case of self-report inventories.

Question 3

Research suggests that Asian children tend to define themselves in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  the groups they belong to. 
B)  their personal accomplishments. 
C)  the accomplishments of their parents. 
D)  their relationships with their teachers.

Question 4

The hierarchy of traits is to Maslow's theory of personality as ____ to Freud's theory.

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-concept is 
B)  the id, ego, and superego are 
C)  the inferiority complex is 
D)  reward and punishment are

Question 5

Personality tests can be divided into two broad categories, ____________________ inventories that ask individuals to answer a series of questions about their characteristic behavior and ____________________ tests in which participants respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal the subjects needs, feelings and personality traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Personality tests can be divided into two...

Question 6

According to Maslow's theory, the self-actualizing person would be LEAST likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  have a limited number of strong friendships. 
B)  be spontaneous and neutral in exchanges. 
C)  have somewhat mystical experiences. 
D)  be uncomfortable when alone or detached.

Question 7

Jordon has taken a job that is extremely dangerous, but which pays him enough so that he is sure he will have enough to eat and he will be able to sleep in a warm place each night. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Jordon is probably primarily motivated by

Accepted Answer

A)  safety and security needs. 
B)  cognitive needs. 
C)  the need for self-actualization. 
D)  physiological needs.

Question 8

Although Osmo at an unconscious level has great hatred for Cosmo, he believes that he likes Cosmo and, to the outside world, gives all the appearance of liking him. Which defense mechanism is Osmo using?

Accepted Answer

A)  regression 
B)  reaction formation 
C)  projection 
D)  rationalization

Question 9

Much of the behavior that we call personality results from reinforcement and observational learning, according to:

Accepted Answer

A)  Jung 
B)  Skinner 
C)  Bandura 
D)  Adler

Question 10

In explaining behavior, social learning theorist Walter Mischel is most interested in the influence of the situation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Terror management theory asserts that much of our behavior is motivated by our needs

Accepted Answer

A)  to defend our worldview and preserve our self-esteem. 
B)  to defend our worldview and reduce mortality salience. 
C)  for self-preservation and to preserve our self-esteem. 
D)  for self-preservation and to reduce mortality salience.

Question 12

Esteban has a job that pays well, and he recently moved to a neighborhood where there is little crime. Lately, he finds that he is thinking seriously about finding the right person to settle down with, and raising a family. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, at this point in time Esteban is MOST likely motivated by

Accepted Answer

A)  aesthetic needs. 
B)  belongingness and love needs. 
C)  esteem needs. 
D)  the need for self-actualization.

Question 13

According to Maslow, after people satisfy their physiological needs and safety and security needs they will next become concerned with

Accepted Answer

A)  belongingness and love needs. 
B)  self-actualization needs. 
C)  cognitive needs. 
D)  esteem needs.

Question 14

In comparison to Eysenck's theory of personality, evolutionary theory

Accepted Answer

A)  is more limited in scope. 
B)  has greater empirical support. 
C)  is more popular among behaviorists. 
D)  is less applicable to behavior across cultures.

Question 15

Projective tests such as the Rorschach Inkblot Test are designed to assess

Accepted Answer

A)  your mental abilities. 
B)  your behavior patterns. 
C)  the way others perceive you. 
D)  your characteristic concerns, conflicts, and desires.

Question 16

If you needed a personality inventory capable of measuring a person's degree of psychopathology, you would probably use

Accepted Answer

A)  Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire. 
B)  the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule. 
C)  the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. 
D)  factor analysis.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT one of the main weaknesses in biological approaches to personality?

Accepted Answer

A)  conceptual problems with heritability estimates 
B)  an overly optimistic view of human nature 
C)  the difficulty of separating the effects of nature and nurture 
D)  the lack of a comprehensive theory

Question 18

Bess uses a software package on her computer to create a number of abstract images. She finds that each person who looks at the images sees something different in them. If Bess records the responses that each person provides she may find the answers are similar to those that would be obtained using the

Accepted Answer

A)  Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). 
B)  Rorschach test. 
C)  NEO Personality Inventory. 
D)  Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).

Question 19

List and describe each of Freud's psychosexual stages of development and their theorized relations to adult personality.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List and describe each of Freud's psychosexual...

Question 20

According to the evolutionary approach to personality, humans have evolved special sensitivity to variations in the ability to cooperate and collaborate with others, which is closely associated with the Big Five personality trait of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the evolutionary approach to personality,...

Exam 24: Personality: Theory, Research, and Assessment Part 2