Question 1

Research has not been able to demonstrate that decay is a cause of forgetting information from

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory memory. 
B)  short-term memory. 
C)  long-term memory. 
D)  short-term and long-term memory.

Question 2

Gregory is telling Molly a joke when she suddenly stops him and tells him that she told him that same joke last week. In this example, Gregory

Accepted Answer

A)  has apparently made a source-monitoring error. 
B)  appears to have made a reality-monitoring error. 
C)  is showing the misinformation error. 
D)  is experiencing proactive interference.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a commonly used technique to measure forgetting?

Accepted Answer

A)  relearning 
B)  retention 
C)  recognition 
D)  recall

Question 4

Decay theory proposes that forgetting occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A)  competition from other memories. 
B)  the deterioration of the nervous system with increasing age. 
C)  the passage of time. 
D)  ineffective encoding of information.

Question 5

The basic process in memory that involves maintaining information in memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  storage. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  sensation.

Question 6

Kwan is driving to campus and his phone rings, based on the results of studies on divided attention, should Kwan answer the phone?

Accepted Answer

A)  No, he would experience a negative impact on his driving behavior since he would focus more on the phone call than on traffic signals. 
B)  He should only answer the phone if he is an experienced driver who is driving in a familiar location. 
C)  Yes, his attention system will allow him to process both traffic information and his phone conversation equally. 
D)  He should only answer the phone if he has a hands-free device, so that he is not distracted by having to hold the phone.

Question 7

Whitney's neighbors are surprised that she never forgets their anniversary, but their wedding anniversary falls on the same day as Whitney's birthday, so she finds it an easy date to remember. Whitney's easy recall of the anniversary date illustrates the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic encoding. 
B)  spreading activation in a semantic network. 
C)  prospective memory processes. 
D)  self-referent encoding.

Question 8

Decay theory suggests that forgetting is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  ineffective encoding. 
B)  impermanent storage. 
C)  retrieval failure. 
D)  interference effects.

Question 9

You attended your high school graduation over 20 years ago. You are now trying to recall as much as possible about the graduation ceremonies. Which of the following would be the BEST retrieval cue?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of students who graduated 
B)  the year the ceremony took place 
C)  the time of day the ceremony took place 
D)  the featured speaker at the ceremony

Question 10

Taryn was given a list of words as part of a memory test that included: "dog, pail, and hate." Later, she recalled these words as: "pup, bucket, and loathe." Taryn's errors in recall suggest that she had encoded the original word list

Accepted Answer

A)  proactively. 
B)  semantically. 
C)  phonemically. 
D)  structurally.

Question 11

Zachariah was not sure that he was ready for his midterm exams, but once he started the exams, he found that he was able to accurately recall the information he had learned that related to each question. The main memory process that accounts for the fact that Zachariah could access and utilize the information in his memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding. 
B)  storage. 
C)  retrieval. 
D)  rehearsal.

Question 12

The process of recalling information from memory is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  storage. 
D)  information registry.

Question 13

When individuals are instructed to divide their attention between a memory encoding task and other tasks, their performance on the encoding task generally shows

Accepted Answer

A)  a marked improvement. 
B)  a small decline. 
C)  a large decline. 
D)  no significant change.

Question 14

When processing verbal information, if you focus attention on the sounds of words you are engaging in ____ encoding.

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal 
B)  phonemic 
C)  semantic 
D)  structural

Question 15

The storage capacity of short-term memory can be increased by combining items in larger units called

Accepted Answer

A)  categories. 
B)  words. 
C)  groups. 
D)  chunks.

Question 16

While driving with her two young children Kathy's car broke down. She called her husband on her cell phone and he told her the phone number of a towing company to call. If the children's behavior prevents her from repeating the phone number to herself, most likely Kathy will need to dial the phone number within the next ____ or she will forget the number.

Accepted Answer

A)  minute 
B)  45 seconds 
C)  20 seconds 
D)  2 seconds

Question 17

The three basic processes in memory are

Accepted Answer

A)  encoding, storage, and retrieval. 
B)  acoustic, semantic, and eidetic. 
C)  recall, recognition, and relearning. 
D)  sensation, perception, and cognition.

Question 18

____ has occurred when the initial processing of information is similar to the type of processing required for retention.

Accepted Answer

A)  Lexical matching 
B)  Episodic processing 
C)  Transfer-appropriate processing 
D)  Phonemic processing

Question 19

Adan has been trying to recall the name of the musical artist who released the song that was #1 when he was 14. Adan feels somewhat frustrated because he is certain he knows the artist's name, but he just can't seem to recall it at this moment. Adan is experiencing something referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  retrograde amnesia. 
B)  the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon. 
C)  proactive interference. 
D)  a source-monitoring error.

Question 20

Pseudoforgetting is viewed as a function of

Accepted Answer

A)  interference effects. 
B)  lack of attention. 
C)  hippocampal damage. 
D)  insufficient retrieval cues.

Exam 13: Human Memory Part 1