Question 1

Assuming that the most valid conclusion to reach is a compromise between two competing positions is a common error in thinking referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  False Dilemma 
B)  Faulty Reasoning 
C)  Golden Mean Fallacy 
D)  Straw Person Argument 
A)  False Dilemma 
B)  Faulty Reasoning 
C)  Golden Mean Fallacy 
D)  Straw Person Argument

Question 2

In a "true" experimental design:

Accepted Answer

A)  previous studies are summarized to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge in a research field 
B)  the experimenter manipulates some variables, but is not able to manipulate other important variables 
C)  random assignment is used to control extraneous influences 
D)  the researcher is unable to clearly demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables 
A)  previous studies are summarized to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge in a research field 
B)  the experimenter manipulates some variables, but is not able to manipulate other important variables 
C)  random assignment is used to control extraneous influences 
D)  the researcher is unable to clearly demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables

Question 3

Measuring shoe size to predict academic success is most clearly an example of poor:

Accepted Answer

A)  content validity 
B)  face validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  concurrent validity 
A)  content validity 
B)  face validity 
C)  criterion validity 
D)  concurrent validity

Question 4

A scale weighing you at 150 pounds first and then 130 pounds immediately afterwards has poor:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  inter-rater reliability 
D)  all of the above 
A)  internal reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  inter-rater reliability 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

A researcher may use exploratory factor analysis when:

Accepted Answer

A)  a specific hypothesis regarding the nature of a factor structure is made a priori 
B)  the researcher is interested in how well the data fit a specified factor structure 
C)  The researcher prefers that correlations between variables provide evidence for a factor structure 
D)  all of the above 
A)  a specific hypothesis regarding the nature of a factor structure is made a priori 
B)  the researcher is interested in how well the data fit a specified factor structure 
C)  The researcher prefers that correlations between variables provide evidence for a factor structure 
D)  all of the above

Question 6

Clinical significance refers to the degree to which a statistical finding is:

Accepted Answer

A)  interesting 
B)  impactful 
C)  important 
D)  improbable 
A)  interesting 
B)  impactful 
C)  important 
D)  improbable

Question 7

Which of the following is an example of how variability can interfere with a study's validity:

Accepted Answer

A)  different interviewers use instructions and procedures differently 
B)  measurement error from an unreliable measure influences the data obtained from participants 
C)  differences in participant characteristics influence the results within the sample 
D)  all of the above 
A)  different interviewers use instructions and procedures differently 
B)  measurement error from an unreliable measure influences the data obtained from participants 
C)  differences in participant characteristics influence the results within the sample 
D)  all of the above

Question 8

Probability sampling:

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses on using techniques to ensure that the research sample is representative 
B)  is primarily concerned with obtaining a large sample size rather than a representative sample 
C)  is most commonly used in psychological research 
D)  often utilizes advertising on the radio or in newspapers to recruit participants 
A)  focuses on using techniques to ensure that the research sample is representative 
B)  is primarily concerned with obtaining a large sample size rather than a representative sample 
C)  is most commonly used in psychological research 
D)  often utilizes advertising on the radio or in newspapers to recruit participants

Question 9

Deriving an idea from repeated observations of everyday events is an example of a(n):

Accepted Answer

A)  exposure 
B)  deductive process 
C)  inductive process 
D)  response 
A)  exposure 
B)  deductive process 
C)  inductive process 
D)  response

Question 10

In non-probability sampling approaches:

Accepted Answer

A)  Advertisements on the radio, in newspapers, or on college campuses are often used to recruit participants 
B)  the researcher is able to determines the probability of obtaining participants from a pool of potential participants 
C)  the samples are likely to be representative of the population and therefore provide good generalizability 
D)  the sample obtained is completely random 
A)  Advertisements on the radio, in newspapers, or on college campuses are often used to recruit participants 
B)  the researcher is able to determines the probability of obtaining participants from a pool of potential participants 
C)  the samples are likely to be representative of the population and therefore provide good generalizability 
D)  the sample obtained is completely random

Question 11

If items on a test consistently measure the same construct, the items are said to have good:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  inter-rater reliability 
D)  all of the above 
A)  internal reliability 
B)  test-retest reliability 
C)  inter-rater reliability 
D)  all of the above

Question 12

A type I error occurs when:

Accepted Answer

A)  the researcher concludes that there is an effect of the manipulation when in fact no true effect exists 
B)  the researcher concludes that there is no effect of the manipulation when in fact a true effect does exist 
C)  the researcher concludes that a different methodology should have been employed 
D)  None of the above 
A)  the researcher concludes that there is an effect of the manipulation when in fact no true effect exists 
B)  the researcher concludes that there is no effect of the manipulation when in fact a true effect does exist 
C)  the researcher concludes that a different methodology should have been employed 
D)  None of the above

Question 13

Response prevention involves:

Accepted Answer

A)  stopping the person from engaging in the rituals that typically used to inappropriately manage anxiety 
B)  deliberately exposing the individuals to anxiety- provoking thoughts or external stimuli 
C)  Increasing the persistence of intrusive thoughts 
D)  deriving an idea from repeated observations of everyday events 
A)  stopping the person from engaging in the rituals that typically used to inappropriately manage anxiety 
B)  deliberately exposing the individuals to anxiety- provoking thoughts or external stimuli 
C)  Increasing the persistence of intrusive thoughts 
D)  deriving an idea from repeated observations of everyday events

Question 14

A variable which influences the direction or size of the relation between two other variables is called a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Moderator 
B)  Mediator 
C)  Cause 
D)  Correlate 
A)  Moderator 
B)  Mediator 
C)  Cause 
D)  Correlate

Question 15

The ability to generalize research results beyond the specific study is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  statistical conclusion validity 
D)  justification validity 
A)  internal validity 
B)  external validity 
C)  statistical conclusion validity 
D)  justification validity

Question 16

Case studies:

Accepted Answer

A)  are effective for rigorous hypothesis testing 
B)  efficiently rule out alternative explanations for research results 
C)  are ineffective for generating potential hypotheses 
D)  are helpful for connecting events, behaviors, and symptoms in the initial phases of a theory 
A)  are effective for rigorous hypothesis testing 
B)  efficiently rule out alternative explanations for research results 
C)  are ineffective for generating potential hypotheses 
D)  are helpful for connecting events, behaviors, and symptoms in the initial phases of a theory

Question 17

A common method for calculating clinical significance is to:

Accepted Answer

A)  compare pre-treatment scores to post-treatment scores to see if change is statistically greater than that expected from measurement error 
B)  establishing a pre-determined cut-off score to operationalize a normal range 
C)  evaluating whether scores fall above or below two standard deviations of the normal range of scores 
D)  All of the above 
A)  compare pre-treatment scores to post-treatment scores to see if change is statistically greater than that expected from measurement error 
B)  establishing a pre-determined cut-off score to operationalize a normal range 
C)  evaluating whether scores fall above or below two standard deviations of the normal range of scores 
D)  All of the above

Question 18

In quasi-experimental designs:

Accepted Answer

A)  previous studies are summarized to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge in a research field 
B)  the experimenter manipulates some variables, but is not able to manipulate other important variables 
C)  random assignment is used to control all extraneous influences 
D)  the researcher can clearly demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables 
A)  previous studies are summarized to draw conclusions about the state of knowledge in a research field 
B)  the experimenter manipulates some variables, but is not able to manipulate other important variables 
C)  random assignment is used to control all extraneous influences 
D)  the researcher can clearly demonstrate a cause and effect relationship between variables

Question 19

In considering compensation for participation, the researcher must:

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid using excessive or inappropriate inducements to prevent feelings of coercion 
B)  pay as much money as the research grant will allow equally to each participant 
C)  not use monetary rewards for participation in research - it is unethical 
D)  avoid using grant money for compensation- only private funds should be used for that 
A)  avoid using excessive or inappropriate inducements to prevent feelings of coercion 
B)  pay as much money as the research grant will allow equally to each participant 
C)  not use monetary rewards for participation in research - it is unethical 
D)  avoid using grant money for compensation- only private funds should be used for that

Question 20

All of the following describe threats to external validity except:

Accepted Answer

A)  characteristics of the individual research participants 
B)  participants awareness of their behaviors, moods, and attitudes 
C)  improved scores due to familiarity with the test upon re-testing 
D)  responding differently in a research study than a participant would act in other contexts 
A)  characteristics of the individual research participants 
B)  participants awareness of their behaviors, moods, and attitudes 
C)  improved scores due to familiarity with the test upon re-testing 
D)  responding differently in a research study than a participant would act in other contexts

Assuming that the most valid conclusion to reach is a compromise between two competing positions is a common error in thinking referred to as:

In a "true" experimental design:

Measuring shoe size to predict academic success is most clearly an example of poor:

A scale weighing you at 150 pounds first and then 130 pounds immediately afterwards has poor:

A researcher may use exploratory factor analysis when:

Clinical significance refers to the degree to which a statistical finding is:

Which of the following is an example of how variability can interfere with a study's validity:

Probability sampling:

Deriving an idea from repeated observations of everyday events is an example of a(n):

In non-probability sampling approaches:

If items on a test consistently measure the same construct, the items are said to have good:

A type I error occurs when:

Response prevention involves:

A variable which influences the direction or size of the relation between two other variables is called a:

The ability to generalize research results beyond the specific study is referred to as:

Case studies:

A common method for calculating clinical significance is to:

In quasi-experimental designs:

In considering compensation for participation, the researcher must:

All of the following describe threats to external validity except:

Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment: Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology: Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

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Exam 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology

Assuming that the most valid conclusion to reach is a compromise between two competing positions is a common error in thinking referred to as:

In a "true" experimental design:

Measuring shoe size to predict academic success is most clearly an example of poor:

A scale weighing you at 150 pounds first and then 130 pounds immediately afterwards has poor:

A researcher may use exploratory factor analysis when:

Clinical significance refers to the degree to which a statistical finding is:

Which of the following is an example of how variability can interfere with a study's validity:

Probability sampling:

Deriving an idea from repeated observations of everyday events is an example of a(n):

In non-probability sampling approaches:

If items on a test consistently measure the same construct, the items are said to have good:

A type I error occurs when:

Response prevention involves:

A variable which influences the direction or size of the relation between two other variables is called a:

The ability to generalize research results beyond the specific study is referred to as:

Case studies:

A common method for calculating clinical significance is to:

In quasi-experimental designs:

In considering compensation for participation, the researcher must:

All of the following describe threats to external validity except:

Evolution of Clinical Psychology

Contemporary Clinical Psychology

Classification and Diagnosis

Assessment: Overview

Assessment: Interviewing and Observation

Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures

Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures

Assessment: Integration and Clinical Decision-Making

Prevention

Intervention: Overview

Intervention: Adults and Couples

Intervention: Children and Adolescents

Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change

Health Psychology: Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology

Filters