Question 1

The _______ sought to ensure equal pay for equal work.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991 
A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991 A

Question 2

_______ occurs because we can only collect wage data for workers who choose to work.

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-selection bias 
B)  The Oaxaca transformation 
C)  A productivity gap 
D)  Occupational discrimination 
E)  Risk aversion 
A)  Self-selection bias 
B)  The Oaxaca transformation 
C)  A productivity gap 
D)  Occupational discrimination 
E)  Risk aversion A

Question 3

Today,the median full-time weekly earnings of women relative to men is about:

Accepted Answer

A)  50 percent. 
B)  55 percent. 
C)  60 percent. 
D)  70 percent. 
E)  80 percent. 
A)  50 percent. 
B)  55 percent. 
C)  60 percent. 
D)  70 percent. 
E)  80 percent. E

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true of the Oaxaca transformation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The Oaxaca transformation compares the actual earnings of the average majority member with the hypothetical earnings of the average minority member were he endowed with the same average productivity as the majority member. 
B)  The Oaxaca transformation allows for an appropriate apples-to-apples comparison. 
C)  The residual of the Oaxaca transformation captures the extent of wage discrimination. 
D)  The observed wage gap of the Oaxaca transformation is equivalent to the productivity differences between the majority and minority groups. 
E)  The Oaxaca transformation calculates predicted earnings for an average minority member. 
A)  The Oaxaca transformation compares the actual earnings of the average majority member with the hypothetical earnings of the average minority member were he endowed with the same average productivity as the majority member. 
B)  The Oaxaca transformation allows for an appropriate apples-to-apples comparison. 
C)  The residual of the Oaxaca transformation captures the extent of wage discrimination. 
D)  The observed wage gap of the Oaxaca transformation is equivalent to the productivity differences between the majority and minority groups. 
E)  The Oaxaca transformation calculates predicted earnings for an average minority member.

Question 5

Affirmative action _______ appear to be successful in achieving its intended goal of increasing the employment of _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  does;minorities but not women 
B)  does;minorities and women 
C)  does;women but not minorities 
D)  does not;women but not minorities 
E)  does not;minorities and women 
A)  does;minorities but not women 
B)  does;minorities and women 
C)  does;women but not minorities 
D)  does not;women but not minorities 
E)  does not;minorities and women

Question 6

Affirmative action was established under _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991 
A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991

Question 7

Some economists argue that selective withdrawal has caused:

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the observed average relative wages of those Black men who remain employed. 
B)  White men to leave the labor market if they cannot find a job that offers at least their reservation wage. 
C)  the labor force participation rate of men to be higher than the labor force participation rate of women. 
D)  the rate of unemployment to be higher for Black women than for Black men. 
E)  the wages of Black men to rise quickly relative to those of White men from 1963-1973. 
A)  an increase in the observed average relative wages of those Black men who remain employed. 
B)  White men to leave the labor market if they cannot find a job that offers at least their reservation wage. 
C)  the labor force participation rate of men to be higher than the labor force participation rate of women. 
D)  the rate of unemployment to be higher for Black women than for Black men. 
E)  the wages of Black men to rise quickly relative to those of White men from 1963-1973.

Question 8

The contemporaneous nature of the implementation of policies designed to combat discrimination in the workplace and the narrowing of the observed earnings gaps between men and women does not imply causality because:

Accepted Answer

A)  these policies mainly focused on combating discrimination against Black workers. 
B)  the wage gap between men and women has not narrowed substantially. 
C)  the policies were largely ineffective. 
D)  many other developments were occurring as well. 
E)  discrimination against female workers is based on statistics rather than prejudices. 
A)  these policies mainly focused on combating discrimination against Black workers. 
B)  the wage gap between men and women has not narrowed substantially. 
C)  the policies were largely ineffective. 
D)  many other developments were occurring as well. 
E)  discrimination against female workers is based on statistics rather than prejudices.

Question 9

The relative _______ and_______ of Blacks and Whites add credence to the selective withdrawal hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  employment-to-population ratios;educational attainment 
B)  unemployment rates;productivity differences 
C)  occupational choices;unemployment rates 
D)  employment-to-population ratios;unemployment rates 
E)  coefficient of market discrimination;coefficient of employer discrimination 
A)  employment-to-population ratios;educational attainment 
B)  unemployment rates;productivity differences 
C)  occupational choices;unemployment rates 
D)  employment-to-population ratios;unemployment rates 
E)  coefficient of market discrimination;coefficient of employer discrimination

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT true of the Duncan index of dissimilarity,D?

Accepted Answer

A)  This index is used to compare occupational distributions. 
B)  The index can be used to compare any number of groups in any number of occupations. 
C)    
D)  The dissimilarity between distributions increases with D. 
E)  Distributions are identical if D is equal to zero. 
A)  This index is used to compare occupational distributions. 
B)  The index can be used to compare any number of groups in any number of occupations. 
C)    
D)  The dissimilarity between distributions increases with D. 
E)  Distributions are identical if D is equal to zero.

Question 11

Recent studies have focused on rather than as an explanation for differential outcomes of Black and White workers.

Accepted Answer

A)  systematic differences that Black and White children face in school quality and human capital accrued within the family;labor-market discrimination 
B)  systematic differences that Black and White children face in school quality and human capital accrued within the family;premarket discrimination 
C)  productivity differences;the aggregate wage gap productivity differences;the aggregate wage gap 
D)  productivity differences;premarket discrimination 
E)  productivity differences;labor-market discrimination 
A)  systematic differences that Black and White children face in school quality and human capital accrued within the family;labor-market discrimination 
B)  systematic differences that Black and White children face in school quality and human capital accrued within the family;premarket discrimination 
C)  productivity differences;the aggregate wage gap productivity differences;the aggregate wage gap 
D)  productivity differences;premarket discrimination 
E)  productivity differences;labor-market discrimination

Question 12

The ratios of full-time earnings of Black men and women relative to White men have increased sharply over the past _______years.Some economists have suggested that this improvement stems from,among other reasons,_______.

Accepted Answer

A)  20;laws designed to combat discrimination 
B)  100;laws designed to combat discrimination 
C)  50;the tight labor market of the 1960s 
D)  40;the decreased educational attainment of White men 
E)  100;the tight labor market of the 1980s 
A)  20;laws designed to combat discrimination 
B)  100;laws designed to combat discrimination 
C)  50;the tight labor market of the 1960s 
D)  40;the decreased educational attainment of White men 
E)  100;the tight labor market of the 1980s

Question 13

Until the mid-1950s,_______ led to the separation of Blacks and Whites in much of the South and _______ hindered women's progress toward parity with men.

Accepted Answer

A)  Jim Crow;protective legislation 
B)  Jim Crow;productivity differences 
C)  the separate but equal doctrine;productivity differences 
D)  productivity differences;protective legislation 
E)  productivity differences;Jim Crow 
A)  Jim Crow;protective legislation 
B)  Jim Crow;productivity differences 
C)  the separate but equal doctrine;productivity differences 
D)  productivity differences;protective legislation 
E)  productivity differences;Jim Crow

Question 14

Recent studies suggest that may _______ be responsible for the observed wage gap between men and women.

Accepted Answer

A)  actual experience 
B)  completely segregated firms 
C)  productivity differences 
D)  differences in educational attainment 
E)  fertility differences 
A)  actual experience 
B)  completely segregated firms 
C)  productivity differences 
D)  differences in educational attainment 
E)  fertility differences

Question 15

Why might wage discrimination and earnings discrimination not be interchangeable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wage discrimination is a static measure of discrimination and earnings discrimination can be measured over time. 
B)  Earnings are a function of both the wage and hours worked. 
C)  Earnings are solely at the discretion of the worker because the worker decides what type of job to accept. 
D)  Wage discrimination is driven to zero in the long run. 
E)  Wage and earnings discrimination are completely interchangeable because total earnings is a function of the wage. 
A)  Wage discrimination is a static measure of discrimination and earnings discrimination can be measured over time. 
B)  Earnings are a function of both the wage and hours worked. 
C)  Earnings are solely at the discretion of the worker because the worker decides what type of job to accept. 
D)  Wage discrimination is driven to zero in the long run. 
E)  Wage and earnings discrimination are completely interchangeable because total earnings is a function of the wage.

Question 16

_______ prohibits sexual discrimination in the workplace.

Accepted Answer

A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991 
A)  The Equal Pay Act of 1963 
B)  The Civil Rights Act of 1964 
C)  Executive Order 11246 
D)  The Civil Rights Act of 1991 
E)  The Equal Rights Act of 1991

The _______ sought to ensure equal pay for equal work.

_______ occurs because we can only collect wage data for workers who choose to work.

Today,the median full-time weekly earnings of women relative to men is about:

Which of the following is NOT true of the Oaxaca transformation?

Affirmative action _ appear to be successful in achieving its intended goal of increasing the employment of _.

Affirmative action was established under _______.

Some economists argue that selective withdrawal has caused:

The contemporaneous nature of the implementation of policies designed to combat discrimination in the workplace and the narrowing of the observed earnings gaps between men and women does not imply causality because:

The relative _ and_ of Blacks and Whites add credence to the selective withdrawal hypothesis.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Duncan index of dissimilarity,D?

Recent studies have focused on rather than as an explanation for differential outcomes of Black and White workers.

The ratios of full-time earnings of Black men and women relative to White men have increased sharply over the past _years.Some economists have suggested that this improvement stems from,among other reasons,_.

Until the mid-1950s,_ led to the separation of Blacks and Whites in much of the South and _ hindered women's progress toward parity with men.

Recent studies suggest that may _______ be responsible for the observed wage gap between men and women.

Why might wage discrimination and earnings discrimination not be interchangeable?

_______ prohibits sexual discrimination in the workplace.

Introduction

The Uslabor Market

The Short Run Demand for Labor

The Supply of Labor

Human Capital

On-The-Job Training

Competitive Equilibrium

Policy Application: the Minimum Wage

Policy Application: the War on Poverty

Death and Injury in the Usworkplace-A Hedonic Analysis

Discrimination I: Theory

The Hiring Process

Incentives

Tasks,technologies,and Organizational Design

Careers and the Employment Relation

The Long Run Demand for Labor and Adjustment Costs

Filters

Exam 12: Discrimination Ii: Evidence and Policy

The _______ sought to ensure equal pay for equal work.

_______ occurs because we can only collect wage data for workers who choose to work.

Today,the median full-time weekly earnings of women relative to men is about:

Which of the following is NOT true of the Oaxaca transformation?

Affirmative action _______ appear to be successful in achieving its intended goal of increasing the employment of _______.

Affirmative action was established under _______.

Some economists argue that selective withdrawal has caused:

The contemporaneous nature of the implementation of policies designed to combat discrimination in the workplace and the narrowing of the observed earnings gaps between men and women does not imply causality because:

The relative _______ and_______ of Blacks and Whites add credence to the selective withdrawal hypothesis.

Which of the following is NOT true of the Duncan index of dissimilarity,D?

Recent studies have focused on rather than as an explanation for differential outcomes of Black and White workers.

The ratios of full-time earnings of Black men and women relative to White men have increased sharply over the past _______years.Some economists have suggested that this improvement stems from,among other reasons,_______.

Until the mid-1950s,_______ led to the separation of Blacks and Whites in much of the South and _______ hindered women's progress toward parity with men.

Recent studies suggest that may _______ be responsible for the observed wage gap between men and women.

Why might wage discrimination and earnings discrimination not be interchangeable?

_______ prohibits sexual discrimination in the workplace.

Introduction

The Uslabor Market

The Short Run Demand for Labor

The Supply of Labor

Human Capital

On-The-Job Training

Competitive Equilibrium

Policy Application: the Minimum Wage

Policy Application: the War on Poverty

Death and Injury in the Usworkplace-A Hedonic Analysis

Discrimination I: Theory

The Hiring Process

Incentives

Tasks,technologies,and Organizational Design

Careers and the Employment Relation

The Long Run Demand for Labor and Adjustment Costs

Filters

Affirmative action _ appear to be successful in achieving its intended goal of increasing the employment of _.

The relative _ and_ of Blacks and Whites add credence to the selective withdrawal hypothesis.

The ratios of full-time earnings of Black men and women relative to White men have increased sharply over the past _years.Some economists have suggested that this improvement stems from,among other reasons,_.

Until the mid-1950s,_ led to the separation of Blacks and Whites in much of the South and _ hindered women's progress toward parity with men.