Question 1

Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion down the concentration gradient 
B)  glomerular blood pressure 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion 
E)  diffusion against the concentration gradient 
A)  diffusion down the concentration gradient 
B)  glomerular blood pressure 
C)  active transport 
D)  secretion 
E)  diffusion against the concentration gradient

Question 2

What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  It does not affect the pH. 
B)  It raises the pH. 
C)  It lowers the pH. 
D)  It decreases the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood. 
E)  It increases the amount of hydroxide ions in the blood. 
A)  It does not affect the pH. 
B)  It raises the pH. 
C)  It lowers the pH. 
D)  It decreases the amount of hydrogen ions in the blood. 
E)  It increases the amount of hydroxide ions in the blood.

Question 3

What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  burning upon urination 
B)  extreme pain 
C)  albumin or formed elements in the urine 
D)  the absence of urination 
E)  edema 
A)  burning upon urination 
B)  extreme pain 
C)  albumin or formed elements in the urine 
D)  the absence of urination 
E)  edema

Question 4

List the functions of the urinary system.

Accepted Answer

1. excretion of metabolic wast

Question 5

List the components of the glomerular filtrate and indicate where they can be found.

Accepted Answer

Water, salts, nutrient molecul

Question 6

The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  H+ 
B)  Na+ 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  water 
E)  Cl- 
A)  H+ 
B)  Na+ 
C)  aldosterone 
D)  water 
E)  Cl-

Question 9

Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood 
B)  because it is easily infected 
C)  because it enters the body and is absorbed 
D)  because it is lost by urination 
E)  because it biodegrades rapidly 
A)  to maintain a favorable concentration gradient with the blood 
B)  because it is easily infected 
C)  because it enters the body and is absorbed 
D)  because it is lost by urination 
E)  because it biodegrades rapidly

Question 10

The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  renal cortex to the renal medulla 
B)  renal cortex to the renal pelvis 
C)  renal medulla to the renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla to the renal pelvis 
E)  renal pelvis to the renal medulla 
A)  renal cortex to the renal medulla 
B)  renal cortex to the renal pelvis 
C)  renal medulla to the renal cortex 
D)  renal medulla to the renal pelvis 
E)  renal pelvis to the renal medulla

Question 11

Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following does not assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes?

Accepted Answer

A)  liver 
B)  sweat glands 
C)  muscles 
D)  blood 
E)  pancreas 
A)  liver 
B)  sweat glands 
C)  muscles 
D)  blood 
E)  pancreas

Question 13

The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D, and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Which of the following is not a part of the kidney?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothalamus 
B)  cortex 
C)  medulla 
D)  pelvis 
E)  collecting ducts 
A)  hypothalamus 
B)  cortex 
C)  medulla 
D)  pelvis 
E)  collecting ducts

Question 15

What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

Accepted Answer

A)  skeletal muscle and mucous membrane 
B)  mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue 
C)  mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue 
D)  skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage 
E)  fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane 
A)  skeletal muscle and mucous membrane 
B)  mucous membrane and fibrous connective tissue 
C)  mucous membrane, smooth muscle, and fibrous connective tissue 
D)  skeletal muscle, fibrous connective tissue, and cartilage 
E)  fibrous connective tissue, cartilage, and mucous membrane

Question 16

Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules?

Accepted Answer

A)  water 
B)  salt 
C)  H+ 
D)  nutrients 
E)  plasma proteins 
A)  water 
B)  salt 
C)  H+ 
D)  nutrients 
E)  plasma proteins

Question 17

What is the normal pH of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  slightly acidic 
D)  extremely basic 
E)  extremely acidic 
A)  neutral 
B)  slightly basic 
C)  slightly acidic 
D)  extremely basic 
E)  extremely acidic

Question 18

The kidneys are much more powerful than the acid-base buffer and the respiratory center mechanisms in controlling blood pH.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system?

Accepted Answer

A)  synthesis of vitamin D 
B)  excretion of metabolic wastes 
C)  secretion of hormones 
D)  maintenance of acid-base balance 
E)  maintenance of water-salt balance 
A)  synthesis of vitamin D 
B)  excretion of metabolic wastes 
C)  secretion of hormones 
D)  maintenance of acid-base balance 
E)  maintenance of water-salt balance

Exam 11: Urinary System

Why do water and small molecules move from the glomerulus into the filtrate?

What effect does cellular respiration have on the pH of the blood?

What is one of the earliest signs of nephron damage?

List the functions of the urinary system.

List the components of the glomerular filtrate and indicate where they can be found.

The renal pyramids are located within the renal pelvis.

The success rate for a kidney transplant from even a relative is fairly low.

Which substance is removed from the blood during tubular secretion?

Why is the dialysate continually replaced in hemodialysis?

The collecting duct of the nephron originates in what region of the kidney and extends to what region of the kidney?

Parts of the nephron are lined with epithelial cells containing large numbers of mitochondria to assist in diffusion.

Which of the following does not assist the kidneys in excretion of nitrogenous wastes?

The kidneys are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D, and thereby assist with calcium homeostasis.

Which of the following is not a part of the kidney?

What are the walls of a ureter composed of?

Which molecule is secreted from the peritubular capillary network into the convoluted tubules?

What is the normal pH of blood?

The kidneys are much more powerful than the acid-base buffer and the respiratory center mechanisms in controlling blood pH.

The reabsorption of water in the kidneys always precedes the reabsorption of salt.

Which of the following is considered a secondary or additional function of the urinary system?

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