Question 1

If the pH gradient in a two-dimensional gel is lost, which step during two-dimensional electrophoresis would be affected?

Accepted Answer

isoelectri

Question 2

During elongation, the charged tRNA is recruited to which location on the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

The answer of During elongation, the charged tRNA is recruited...

Question 3

Many antibiotics cause mispairing between codons and anticodons. What fatal effect would this mispairing have on the cell?

Accepted Answer

defective

Question 4

Starting translation at the authentic (correct)start codon is essential for translation of the correct polypeptide. Errant translation starting at the wrong codon, or even at the wrong nucleotide of the start codon, may produce an abnormal polypeptide and result in a nonfunctional protein. Compare and contrast the mechanisms used by bacteria and eukaryotes to identify the authentic start codon during translation initiation.

Accepted Answer

In bacteria (specifically E. coli), six

Question 5

You have identified a bacterial protein that has retained the starting fMet in its protein sequence. Which of the following is likely true of this protein?

Accepted Answer

A) It is likely nonfunctional, since bacteria use posttranslational cleavage of fMet to make functional proteins. 
B) It will show improper protein sorting and will likely remain in the ER. 
C) It will be not be able to be chemically modified, so it will be sent to the Golgi for secretion. 
D) It will be a functional bacterial protein, since all functional proteins must begin with fMet. 
E) It will likely form a disulfide bond with a second peptide chain, forming a protein complex. 
A) It is likely nonfunctional, since bacteria use posttranslational cleavage of fMet to make functional proteins. 
B) It will show improper protein sorting and will likely remain in the ER. 
C) It will be not be able to be chemically modified, so it will be sent to the Golgi for secretion. 
D) It will be a functional bacterial protein, since all functional proteins must begin with fMet. 
E) It will likely form a disulfide bond with a second peptide chain, forming a protein complex.

Question 6

Describe what is meant by a "conformational disease" and give an example. Why do you think these diseases exhibit late age of onset?

Accepted Answer

Diseases resulting from the death of cel

Question 7

Bacteria group their genes such that they share a single promoter and the mRNA transcript synthesizes several different polypeptides. Collectively, these are referred to as ________ mRNAs, which are part of the operon system.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Bacteria group their genes such that they...

Question 8

How might a single base insertion into the second codon of the coding sequence of a gene affect the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the gene?

Accepted Answer

A) A single amino acid could change. 
B) The amino acid sequence would be altered. 
C) The mutation may have no effect on amino acid sequence. 
D) A single extra amino acid would be present in the protein. 
E) All of the above are possible outcomes. 
A) A single amino acid could change. 
B) The amino acid sequence would be altered. 
C) The mutation may have no effect on amino acid sequence. 
D) A single extra amino acid would be present in the protein. 
E) All of the above are possible outcomes.

Question 9

Eighteen of the amino acids have two or more synonymous codons. Which two amino acids are the exceptions?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Eighteen of the amino acids have two...

Question 10

How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be found in a given cell?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be...

Question 11

Describe the process of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. What are the two dimensions referring to? How is this technique different from conventional gel electrophoresis, and when would it be used?

Accepted Answer

In two-dimensional gel electrophoresis,

Question 12

Sidney Brenner designed an experiment to determine if the triplet code was overlapping or nonoverlapping. If the code were overlapping, how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon?
5′ - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3′

Accepted Answer

9 (AUG UGC

Question 13

Which mRNA below would code for a premature stop codon from the following amino acid sequence? N-Met-Gln-Leu-Arg-Cys-C

Accepted Answer

A) 5′ - AUG CAG AUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG AAG UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CAG UAA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
D) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA UUG UGC UAG - 3′ 
E) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCG UGC AAG - 3′ 
A) 5′ - AUG CAG AUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG AAG UUA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CAG UAA GCG UGC UAG - 3′ 
D) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA UUG UGC UAG - 3′ 
E) 5′ - AUG CAG UUA GCG UGC AAG - 3′

Question 14

Elongation factors translocate the ribosome in the 3′ direction by a distance of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) one codon 
B) one nucleotide 
C) two nucleotides 
D) two codons 
E) three codons 
A) one codon 
B) one nucleotide 
C) two nucleotides 
D) two codons 
E) three codons

Question 15

Which step in translation initiation is unique to eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of the preinitiation complex 
B) formation of the initiation complex 
C) scanning 
D) ribosome assembly 
E) translocation of the ribosome in the 3′ direction 
A) formation of the preinitiation complex 
B) formation of the initiation complex 
C) scanning 
D) ribosome assembly 
E) translocation of the ribosome in the 3′ direction

If the pH gradient in a two-dimensional gel is lost, which step during two-dimensional electrophoresis would be affected?

During elongation, the charged tRNA is recruited to which location on the ribosome?

Many antibiotics cause mispairing between codons and anticodons. What fatal effect would this mispairing have on the cell?

You have identified a bacterial protein that has retained the starting fMet in its protein sequence. Which of the following is likely true of this protein?

Describe what is meant by a "conformational disease" and give an example. Why do you think these diseases exhibit late age of onset?

Bacteria group their genes such that they share a single promoter and the mRNA transcript synthesizes several different polypeptides. Collectively, these are referred to as ________ mRNAs, which are part of the operon system.

How might a single base insertion into the second codon of the coding sequence of a gene affect the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the gene?

Eighteen of the amino acids have two or more synonymous codons. Which two amino acids are the exceptions?

How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be found in a given cell?

Describe the process of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. What are the two dimensions referring to? How is this technique different from conventional gel electrophoresis, and when would it be used?

Sidney Brenner designed an experiment to determine if the triplet code was overlapping or nonoverlapping. If the code were overlapping, how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon? 5′ - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3′

Which mRNA below would code for a premature stop codon from the following amino acid sequence? N-Met-Gln-Leu-Arg-Cys-C

Elongation factors translocate the ribosome in the 3′ direction by a distance of __________.

Which step in translation initiation is unique to eukaryotes?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

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Exam 9: The Molecular Biology of Translation

If the pH gradient in a two-dimensional gel is lost, which step during two-dimensional electrophoresis would be affected?

During elongation, the charged tRNA is recruited to which location on the ribosome?

Many antibiotics cause mispairing between codons and anticodons. What fatal effect would this mispairing have on the cell?

You have identified a bacterial protein that has retained the starting fMet in its protein sequence. Which of the following is likely true of this protein?

Describe what is meant by a "conformational disease" and give an example. Why do you think these diseases exhibit late age of onset?

Bacteria group their genes such that they share a single promoter and the mRNA transcript synthesizes several different polypeptides. Collectively, these are referred to as ________ mRNAs, which are part of the operon system.

How might a single base insertion into the second codon of the coding sequence of a gene affect the amino acid sequence of a protein encoded by the gene?

Eighteen of the amino acids have two or more synonymous codons. Which two amino acids are the exceptions?

How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases can be found in a given cell?

Describe the process of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. What are the two dimensions referring to? How is this technique different from conventional gel electrophoresis, and when would it be used?

Sidney Brenner designed an experiment to determine if the triplet code was overlapping or nonoverlapping. If the code were overlapping, how many complete codons would the following sequence encode before encountering a stop codon? 5′ - AUGCGAUUAUAGUGC - 3′

Which mRNA below would code for a premature stop codon from the following amino acid sequence? N-Met-Gln-Leu-Arg-Cys-C

Elongation factors translocate the ribosome in the 3′ direction by a distance of __________.

Which step in translation initiation is unique to eukaryotes?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

Filters