Question 1

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacteria __________.

Accepted Answer

A) is a purine-rich consensus sequence found in the 5′ UTR of the mRNA 
B) is a pyrimidine-rich consensus sequence found in the 3′ UTR of the mRNA 
C) is a purine-rich consensus sequence found in the 16S rRNA subunit 
D) is a region of the tRNA molecule involved in formation of charged tRNAs 
E) is a consensus sequence involved in the termination of translation 
A) is a purine-rich consensus sequence found in the 5′ UTR of the mRNA 
B) is a pyrimidine-rich consensus sequence found in the 3′ UTR of the mRNA 
C) is a purine-rich consensus sequence found in the 16S rRNA subunit 
D) is a region of the tRNA molecule involved in formation of charged tRNAs 
E) is a consensus sequence involved in the termination of translation

Question 2

What molecule provides the energy to form charged tRNAs?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What molecule provides the energy to form...

Question 3

Which of the following are synonymous codons?

Accepted Answer

A) UUC and UUG 
B) UCC and UAC 
C) CGA and AGA 
D) AGG and AGC 
E) AAG and AAC 
A) UUC and UUG 
B) UCC and UAC 
C) CGA and AGA 
D) AGG and AGC 
E) AAG and AAC

Question 4

Using mathematical reasoning, a triplet genetic code gives a possible ________ different codons, while a doublet genetic code would yield ________ different codons. Thus, the triplet code accounts for 20 known amino acids and indicates redundancy in the genetic code.

Accepted Answer

64; 16 (4ⁿ, where n =

Question 5

What method can be used to separate ribosomal protein subunits?

Accepted Answer

A) polymerase chain reaction 
B) gel electrophoresis 
C) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D) CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation 
E) cryo-EM 
A) polymerase chain reaction 
B) gel electrophoresis 
C) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis 
D) CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation 
E) cryo-EM

Question 6

Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events that result in polypeptide release and dissociation of ribosomal subunits?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events...

Question 7

What would you expect to find bound to the stop codon at the A site?

Accepted Answer

A) a charged tRNA with the anticodon TAG 
B) a charged tRNA with the anticodon ATC 
C) an uncharged tRNA 
D) a release factor 
E) Nothing binds to a stop codon, which is why the peptide is released. 
A) a charged tRNA with the anticodon TAG 
B) a charged tRNA with the anticodon ATC 
C) an uncharged tRNA 
D) a release factor 
E) Nothing binds to a stop codon, which is why the peptide is released.

Question 8

A tRNA in the P site of the ribosome will enter the ______ site after translocation of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A) E 
B) A 
C) 3′ 
D) 5′ 
E) initiation 
A) E 
B) A 
C) 3′ 
D) 5′ 
E) initiation

Question 9

In the Golgi, what type of protein modification will signal the polypeptide destination by determining the receptor to which the peptide will bind?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Golgi, what type of protein...

Question 10

What are the three phases of translation?

Accepted Answer

initiation

Question 11

A signal sequence at the N terminus of newly synthesized proteins will direct the protein to the ________ for protein packaging.

Accepted Answer

endoplasmi

Question 12

Which of these choices represents one possible corresponding mRNA sequence that can be transcribed from the following DNA template? 5′ - CTGTATCCTAGCACCCAAATCGCATTAGGAC - 3′

Accepted Answer

A) 5′ - ATG CGA TTT GGG TGC TAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC - 3′ 
D) 5′ - CTA GCA CCC AAA TCG CAT TAG - 3′ 
E) 3′ - GGA CAU AGG UAC GUG GGU UUA GCG UAA UCC UG - 5′ 
A) 5′ - ATG CGA TTT GGG TGC TAG - 3′ 
B) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC UAG - 3′ 
C) 5′ - AUG CGA UUU GGG UGC - 3′ 
D) 5′ - CTA GCA CCC AAA TCG CAT TAG - 3′ 
E) 3′ - GGA CAU AGG UAC GUG GGU UUA GCG UAA UCC UG - 5′

Question 13

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes show differences in posttranscriptional modifications of mRNA. What are these differences, and why do eukaryotes show more modifications than prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

In bacteria, the coupling of transcripti

Question 14

What result would you expect if a mutation eliminates one of the four arms of a tRNA?

Accepted Answer

A) The tRNA will fit into the A site but will not release the peptide at the P site. 
B) The tRNA will not be recognized by tRNA synthetase and cannot be charged. 
C) The tRNA will be charged with the wrong amino acid. 
D) The tRNA will not be able to undergo traditional complementary base pairing. 
E) There will be no effect on function, so long as the anticodon region is intact. 
A) The tRNA will fit into the A site but will not release the peptide at the P site. 
B) The tRNA will not be recognized by tRNA synthetase and cannot be charged. 
C) The tRNA will be charged with the wrong amino acid. 
D) The tRNA will not be able to undergo traditional complementary base pairing. 
E) There will be no effect on function, so long as the anticodon region is intact.

Question 15

Identification of ribosomal proteins involves two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which separates the proteins on the basis of __________.

Accepted Answer

A) mass 
B) folded shape 
C) charge 
D) mass and charge 
E) mass, charge, and folded shape 
A) mass 
B) folded shape 
C) charge 
D) mass and charge 
E) mass, charge, and folded shape

Question 16

Experiments by Chapeville and colleagues proved that the genetic code derives its specificity through what interactions?

Accepted Answer

A) hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds that maintain the shape of the tRNAs 
B) complementary base pairing between amino acids and tRNA 
C) complementary base pairing between tRNA and mRNA 
D) ionic bonds between the small and large subunits of the ribosome 
E) hydrogen bonding between the ribosomal subunits and the mRNA 
A) hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds that maintain the shape of the tRNAs 
B) complementary base pairing between amino acids and tRNA 
C) complementary base pairing between tRNA and mRNA 
D) ionic bonds between the small and large subunits of the ribosome 
E) hydrogen bonding between the ribosomal subunits and the mRNA

Question 17

Compare and contrast the mechanism of action of two commonly used antibiotics. Include details about which steps of translation are inhibited, and explain how the antibiotic accomplishes this inhibition.

Accepted Answer

Antibiotics target different aspects of

Question 18

What process is targeted by the antibiotic streptomycin?

Accepted Answer

translatio

Question 19

During translation initiation in prokaryotes, the amino acid on the initiator tRNA is __________.

Accepted Answer

A) methionine (Met) 
B) N-formylmethionine (fMet) 
C) acetylated 
D) IF-1 
E) added using ATP as the energy source 
A) methionine (Met) 
B) N-formylmethionine (fMet) 
C) acetylated 
D) IF-1 
E) added using ATP as the energy source

Question 20

Thanks to flexible base pairing, the wobble nucleotides in anticodons can be any of the RNA nucleotides or which modified nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Thanks to flexible base pairing, the wobble...

Exam 9: The Molecular Biology of Translation

The Shine-Dalgarno sequence in bacteria __________.

What molecule provides the energy to form charged tRNAs?

Which of the following are synonymous codons?

Using mathematical reasoning, a triplet genetic code gives a possible ________ different codons, while a doublet genetic code would yield ________ different codons. Thus, the triplet code accounts for 20 known amino acids and indicates redundancy in the genetic code.

What method can be used to separate ribosomal protein subunits?

Binding of what protein initiates translation-termination events that result in polypeptide release and dissociation of ribosomal subunits?

What would you expect to find bound to the stop codon at the A site?

A tRNA in the P site of the ribosome will enter the ______ site after translocation of the ribosome.

In the Golgi, what type of protein modification will signal the polypeptide destination by determining the receptor to which the peptide will bind?

What are the three phases of translation?

A signal sequence at the N terminus of newly synthesized proteins will direct the protein to the ________ for protein packaging.

Which of these choices represents one possible corresponding mRNA sequence that can be transcribed from the following DNA template? 5′ - CTGTATCCTAGCACCCAAATCGCATTAGGAC - 3′

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes show differences in posttranscriptional modifications of mRNA. What are these differences, and why do eukaryotes show more modifications than prokaryotes?

What result would you expect if a mutation eliminates one of the four arms of a tRNA?

Identification of ribosomal proteins involves two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, which separates the proteins on the basis of __________.

Experiments by Chapeville and colleagues proved that the genetic code derives its specificity through what interactions?

Compare and contrast the mechanism of action of two commonly used antibiotics. Include details about which steps of translation are inhibited, and explain how the antibiotic accomplishes this inhibition.

What process is targeted by the antibiotic streptomycin?

During translation initiation in prokaryotes, the amino acid on the initiator tRNA is __________.

Thanks to flexible base pairing, the wobble nucleotides in anticodons can be any of the RNA nucleotides or which modified nucleotide?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology and Transcription and Rna Processing

The Integration of Genetic Approaches: Understanding Sickle Cell Disease

Chromosome Structure

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Aberrations and Transposition

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophages

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Forward Genetics and Recombinant Dna Technology

Applications of Recombinant Dna Technology and Reverse Genetics

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Cytoplasmic Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

Population Genetics and Evolution

Filters

Using mathematical reasoning, a triplet genetic code gives a possible different codons, while a doublet genetic code would yield different codons. Thus, the triplet code accounts for 20 known amino acids and indicates redundancy in the genetic code.