Question 1

Populations with high abundance tend to have a _____ range.

Accepted Answer

A)  small geographic 
B)  small fundamental 
C)  large geographic 
D)  large fundamental 
A)  small geographic 
B)  small fundamental 
C)  large geographic 
D)  large fundamental

Question 2

For a mark-recapture survey, the ratio of the number of marked individuals to the total population is equal to the ratio of the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of marked individuals recaptured to the total number of individuals in the second capture. 
B)  total number of individuals in the second capture to the number of marked individuals recaptured. 
C)  total number of individuals in the first capture to the number of marked individuals recaptured. 
D)  number of individuals in the second capture to the number of individuals marked in the first capture. 
A)  number of marked individuals recaptured to the total number of individuals in the second capture. 
B)  total number of individuals in the second capture to the number of marked individuals recaptured. 
C)  total number of individuals in the first capture to the number of marked individuals recaptured. 
D)  number of individuals in the second capture to the number of individuals marked in the first capture.

Question 3

The number of individuals _____ best defines abundance.

Accepted Answer

A)  per unit area or volume 
B)  in a defined area 
C)  in a geographic range 
D)  in a species 
A)  per unit area or volume 
B)  in a defined area 
C)  in a geographic range 
D)  in a species

Question 4

What is the difference between a species' realized niche and its ecological envelope?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ecological envelope is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the realized niche is a prediction of the range of conditions under which a species can live. 
B)  The realized niche is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the ecological envelope predicts the range of conditions under which a species can live. 
C)  The realized niche is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the ecological envelope is a measure of the total area in which a population lives. 
D)  The realized niche and the ecological envelope are essentially the same. 
A)  The ecological envelope is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the realized niche is a prediction of the range of conditions under which a species can live. 
B)  The realized niche is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the ecological envelope predicts the range of conditions under which a species can live. 
C)  The realized niche is the range of conditions under which a species lives, whereas the ecological envelope is a measure of the total area in which a population lives. 
D)  The realized niche and the ecological envelope are essentially the same.

Question 5

In the experiment in which stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were presented with high- and low-quality habitats, why did fish disperse from the high-food side of the aquarium to the low-food side?

Accepted Answer

A)  The low-food side increased in quality. 
B)  The high-food side decreased in quality. 
C)  The low-food side per capita benefit equaled that of the high-food side. 
D)  The low-food side per capita benefit was less than the high-food side. 
A)  The low-food side increased in quality. 
B)  The high-food side decreased in quality. 
C)  The low-food side per capita benefit equaled that of the high-food side. 
D)  The low-food side per capita benefit was less than the high-food side.

Question 6

What was the main factor that led to declines in collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) populations in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Increased forest fires killed collared lizards and their preferred insect prey species. 
B)  Suppression of forest fires decreased the open habitat that collared lizards require. 
C)  Increased forest fires removed the cool, closed-canopy habitat that collared lizards require. 
D)  Suppression of forest fires led to an increase in the populations of collared lizard predators. 
A)  Increased forest fires killed collared lizards and their preferred insect prey species. 
B)  Suppression of forest fires decreased the open habitat that collared lizards require. 
C)  Increased forest fires removed the cool, closed-canopy habitat that collared lizards require. 
D)  Suppression of forest fires led to an increase in the populations of collared lizard predators.

Question 7

Why are endemic species more at risk for becoming rare or endangered than cosmopolitan species?

Accepted Answer

Endemic species live in a single, often

Question 8

What is the relationship between population density and adult body size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Population density is positively correlated to adult body size. 
B)  Population density is negatively correlated to adult body size. 
C)  Populations with high density generally have large-bodied species. 
D)  Populations with low density generally have small-bodied species. 
A)  Population density is positively correlated to adult body size. 
B)  Population density is negatively correlated to adult body size. 
C)  Populations with high density generally have large-bodied species. 
D)  Populations with low density generally have small-bodied species.

Question 9

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a tree species that is found throughout the northeastern United States in higher-elevation sites without sandy soils. What can you conclude about the distribution of sugar maples in terms of their geographic range and realized niche?

Accepted Answer

The northeastern United States is their

Question 10

Which model specifically addresses the situation in which subpopulations in poor-quality habitats are maintained by immigration of individuals from other subpopulations that produce surplus individuals?

Accepted Answer

A)  the basic metapopulation model 
B)  the source-sink metapopulation model 
C)  the landscape metapopulation model 
D)  the habitat metapopulation model 
A)  the basic metapopulation model 
B)  the source-sink metapopulation model 
C)  the landscape metapopulation model 
D)  the habitat metapopulation model

Question 11

If the geographic range of a population is decreased,

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the population will decrease. 
B)  the size of the population will increase. 
C)  the population will go extinct. 
D)  the size of the population will stay the same. 
A)  the size of the population will decrease. 
B)  the size of the population will increase. 
C)  the population will go extinct. 
D)  the size of the population will stay the same.

Question 12

Species with very large geographic ranges that can span several continents are called

Accepted Answer

A)  abundant. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  cosmopolitan. 
D)  dispersed. 
A)  abundant. 
B)  endemic. 
C)  cosmopolitan. 
D)  dispersed.

Question 13

A researcher who wants to know how many tree seedlings are in a 1-hectare site counts the number of seedlings within five 2-square-metre subplots and then calculates the average. This method of determining the number of individuals in an area is known as a

Accepted Answer

A)  census. 
B)  survey. 
C)  tally. 
D)  count. 
A)  census. 
B)  survey. 
C)  tally. 
D)  count.

Question 14

In some parts of the United States, pathways for wildlife are built over or under highways to allow animals to cross safely. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a dispersal limitation. 
B)  a habitat corridor. 
C)  an ecological envelope. 
D)  an ecological passage. 
A)  a dispersal limitation. 
B)  a habitat corridor. 
C)  an ecological envelope. 
D)  an ecological passage.

Question 15

Based on the relationship between geographic range and population, what would you expect to happen if a large portion of a species' habitat is converted to agriculture?

Accepted Answer

Habitat converted to agriculture would p

Question 16

Determining the suitable habitat conditions for a species is called _____ modelling.

Accepted Answer

A)  fundamental niche 
B)  ecological niche 
C)  geographic niche 
D)  spatial structure 
A)  fundamental niche 
B)  ecological niche 
C)  geographic niche 
D)  spatial structure

Question 17

An endangered frog species lives in only a few forest patches found throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Pacific Northwestern United States is its _____ and the forest patches are its _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  realized niche; geographic range 
B)  fundamental niche; realized niche 
C)  geographic range; realized niche 
D)  geographic range; fundamental niche 
A)  realized niche; geographic range 
B)  fundamental niche; realized niche 
C)  geographic range; realized niche 
D)  geographic range; fundamental niche

Question 18

Which model specifically addresses the situation in which the quality of one kind of habitat can be altered by conditions in adjacent habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  the landscape metapopulation model 
B)  the basic subpopulation model 
C)  the basic metapopulation model 
D)  the source-sink metapopulation model 
A)  the landscape metapopulation model 
B)  the basic subpopulation model 
C)  the basic metapopulation model 
D)  the source-sink metapopulation model

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of dispersal limitation?

Accepted Answer

A)  A species of bird is not aware of the habitat. 
B)  The preferred prey of a species of lizard is absent. 
C)  All mice that try to cross the highway to reach the new habitat are killed. 
D)  The soil moisture in the habitat is too low for a species of tree. 
A)  A species of bird is not aware of the habitat. 
B)  The preferred prey of a species of lizard is absent. 
C)  All mice that try to cross the highway to reach the new habitat are killed. 
D)  The soil moisture in the habitat is too low for a species of tree.

Exam 11: Population Distributions

Populations with high abundance tend to have a _____ range.

For a mark-recapture survey, the ratio of the number of marked individuals to the total population is equal to the ratio of the

The number of individuals _____ best defines abundance.

What is the difference between a species' realized niche and its ecological envelope?

In the experiment in which stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were presented with high- and low-quality habitats, why did fish disperse from the high-food side of the aquarium to the low-food side?

What was the main factor that led to declines in collared lizard (Crotaphytus collaris) populations in the Ozark Mountains of Missouri in the United States?

Why are endemic species more at risk for becoming rare or endangered than cosmopolitan species?

What is the relationship between population density and adult body size?

Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) is a tree species that is found throughout the northeastern United States in higher-elevation sites without sandy soils. What can you conclude about the distribution of sugar maples in terms of their geographic range and realized niche?

Which model specifically addresses the situation in which subpopulations in poor-quality habitats are maintained by immigration of individuals from other subpopulations that produce surplus individuals?

If the geographic range of a population is decreased,

Species with very large geographic ranges that can span several continents are called

A researcher who wants to know how many tree seedlings are in a 1-hectare site counts the number of seedlings within five 2-square-metre subplots and then calculates the average. This method of determining the number of individuals in an area is known as a

In some parts of the United States, pathways for wildlife are built over or under highways to allow animals to cross safely. This is an example of

Based on the relationship between geographic range and population, what would you expect to happen if a large portion of a species' habitat is converted to agriculture?

Determining the suitable habitat conditions for a species is called _____ modelling.

An endangered frog species lives in only a few forest patches found throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Pacific Northwestern United States is its _____ and the forest patches are its _____.

Which model specifically addresses the situation in which the quality of one kind of habitat can be altered by conditions in adjacent habitats?

Which of the following is an example of dispersal limitation?

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

An endangered frog species lives in only a few forest patches found throughout the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The Pacific Northwestern United States is its _ and the forest patches are its _.