Question 1

Which of the following make(s) coexistence of species 1 and 2 more likely?

Accepted Answer

A)  higher values of both r1 and r2 
B)  lower values of both N1 and N2 
C)  higher values of both K2 and K1 
D)  lower values of both α1,2 and α2,1 
A)  higher values of both r1 and r2 
B)  lower values of both N1 and N2 
C)  higher values of both K2 and K1 
D)  lower values of both α1,2 and α2,1

Question 2

Distantly related species are most likely to compete if they

Accepted Answer

A)  consume a shared limiting resource. 
B)  live close together. 
C)  live in similar habitat. 
D)  face the same predator species. 
A)  consume a shared limiting resource. 
B)  live close together. 
C)  live in similar habitat. 
D)  face the same predator species.

Question 3

A zero growth isocline is best defined in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  time. 
B)  population. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  growth rate. 
A)  time. 
B)  population. 
C)  carrying capacity. 
D)  growth rate.

Question 4

When two species interact directly to aggressively defend resources, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition. 
A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition.

Question 5

In a chi-square test what is the null hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is no difference between expected and observed. 
B)  Observed and expected are different. 
C)  Observed is greater than expected. 
D)  Observed is less than expected. 
A)  There is no difference between expected and observed. 
B)  Observed and expected are different. 
C)  Observed is greater than expected. 
D)  Observed is less than expected.

Question 6

Scientists believe that some species of eucalyptus in Australia promote frequent fires by means of flammable oils in their leaf litter. These fires kill completing plants. What type of competition does this example describe?

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitative competition 
B)  allelopathy 
C)  scramble competition 
D)  apparent competition 
A)  exploitative competition 
B)  allelopathy 
C)  scramble competition 
D)  apparent competition

Question 7

In Morin's competition experiment, ponds contained tadpoles of three species and a species of newt. Newts in increasing numbers were added to ponds containing the tadpoles. How did the number of newts affect competition among tadpoles?

Accepted Answer

A)  Predation by newts reversed the outcome of competition between the tadpoles. 
B)  Predation by newts extirpated tadpoles in the ponds. 
C)  Predation by newts had no effect on tadpoles in the ponds. 
D)  Predation by newts equalized tadpole survival between the tadpoles. 
A)  Predation by newts reversed the outcome of competition between the tadpoles. 
B)  Predation by newts extirpated tadpoles in the ponds. 
C)  Predation by newts had no effect on tadpoles in the ponds. 
D)  Predation by newts equalized tadpole survival between the tadpoles.

Question 8

When two species compete for soil water, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  exploitative competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  apparent competition. 
D)  allelopathy. 
A)  exploitative competition. 
B)  interference competition. 
C)  apparent competition. 
D)  allelopathy.

Question 9

Populations approach a stable equilibrium when

Accepted Answer

A)  all resources have been consumed. 
B)  resources are plentiful relative to demand. 
C)  growth rate nears zero. 
D)  the population exceeds carrying capacity. 
A)  all resources have been consumed. 
B)  resources are plentiful relative to demand. 
C)  growth rate nears zero. 
D)  the population exceeds carrying capacity.

Question 10

In the study of the diatoms Synedra and Asterionella, Synedra was a better competitor than Asterionella because Synedra

Accepted Answer

A)  had a higher carrying capacity than Asterionella. 
B)  had a lower carrying capacity than Asterionella. 
C)  reduced the shared limiting resource to the lowest level at its carrying capacity. 
D)  was more tolerant of predators than Asterionella. 
A)  had a higher carrying capacity than Asterionella. 
B)  had a lower carrying capacity than Asterionella. 
C)  reduced the shared limiting resource to the lowest level at its carrying capacity. 
D)  was more tolerant of predators than Asterionella.

Question 11

(Figure 16.17) In the study of the grey partridge and ring-necked pheasant in the United Kingdom, researchers found that grey partridges were declining. A parasitic nematode seemed to negatively affect partridges. The pheasants that carried the parasites were not negatively affected. Researchers performed an experiment in which they allowed both species to feed in one of two enclosures: enclosures with parasite eggs scattered on the floor or enclosures without parasite eggs. The results are shown in the nearby figure. What did the researchers conclude? Was competition occurring, and if so what type?

Accepted Answer

Although it initially appeared that the

Question 12

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot coexist indefinitely when they

Accepted Answer

A)  live in the same habitat. 
B)  are similar species. 
C)  are limited by the same resources. 
D)  consume the same prey. 
A)  live in the same habitat. 
B)  are similar species. 
C)  are limited by the same resources. 
D)  consume the same prey.

Question 13

When wolves and coyotes compete, reductions in numbers of coyotes are attributed to a virus the wolves carry that is more harmful in coyotes. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  apparent competition. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  allelopathy. 
A)  apparent competition. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  allelopathy.

Question 14

In the study of seed-eating rodents and ants in the American Southwest deserts, which observation provided evidence that rodents and ants compete for food?

Accepted Answer

A)  The two animals consume some of the same food. 
B)  Rodents eat larger seeds than ants. 
C)  Ants hide whenever rodents are present. 
D)  The abundance of ant colonies increases when rodents are excluded. 
A)  The two animals consume some of the same food. 
B)  Rodents eat larger seeds than ants. 
C)  Ants hide whenever rodents are present. 
D)  The abundance of ant colonies increases when rodents are excluded.

Question 15

When long-legged ants plug the nest entrances of red harvester ants with which they compete for seeds, it is called

Accepted Answer

A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition. 
A)  allelopathy. 
B)  exploitative competition. 
C)  interference competition. 
D)  apparent competition.

Question 16

In Lotka-Volterra population models, α12 and α21 are referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  isoclines. 
B)  competition coefficients. 
C)  carrying capacities. 
D)  rates of growth. 
A)  isoclines. 
B)  competition coefficients. 
C)  carrying capacities. 
D)  rates of growth.

Question 17

Organisms often have specific environmental requirements. For example, many organisms can live only within a narrow range of temperatures, nutrient levels, pH, humidity, soil moisture, and soil type. They require specific nesting sites, mates, and prey. Which (if any) of these factors are considered resources? What distinguishes resources from the other environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Nutrients, soil moisture, nest

Question 18

Abiotic environmental factors are NOT considered resources for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  organisms do not compete for them. 
B)  they cannot be consumed. 
C)  they cannot be used up. 
D)  they do not affect growth and reproduction. 
A)  organisms do not compete for them. 
B)  they cannot be consumed. 
C)  they cannot be used up. 
D)  they do not affect growth and reproduction.

Question 19

Which of the following is a limiting resource for sessile organisms in rocky intertidal habitats?

Accepted Answer

A)  food 
B)  space 
C)  dissolved nitrogen 
D)  mates 
A)  food 
B)  space 
C)  dissolved nitrogen 
D)  mates

Question 20

Graphical models of competition tell us that

Accepted Answer

A)  closely related species are less likely to compete than distantly related species. 
B)  closely related species are more likely to compete than distantly related species. 
C)  coexistence of two competing species is most likely if intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
D)  coexistence of two competing species is most likely if interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition. 
A)  closely related species are less likely to compete than distantly related species. 
B)  closely related species are more likely to compete than distantly related species. 
C)  coexistence of two competing species is most likely if intraspecific competition is stronger than interspecific competition. 
D)  coexistence of two competing species is most likely if interspecific competition is stronger than intraspecific competition.

Which of the following make(s) coexistence of species 1 and 2 more likely?

Distantly related species are most likely to compete if they

A zero growth isocline is best defined in terms of

When two species interact directly to aggressively defend resources, it is called

In a chi-square test what is the null hypothesis?

Scientists believe that some species of eucalyptus in Australia promote frequent fires by means of flammable oils in their leaf litter. These fires kill completing plants. What type of competition does this example describe?

In Morin's competition experiment, ponds contained tadpoles of three species and a species of newt. Newts in increasing numbers were added to ponds containing the tadpoles. How did the number of newts affect competition among tadpoles?

When two species compete for soil water, it is called

Populations approach a stable equilibrium when

In the study of the diatoms Synedra and Asterionella, Synedra was a better competitor than Asterionella because Synedra

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot coexist indefinitely when they

When wolves and coyotes compete, reductions in numbers of coyotes are attributed to a virus the wolves carry that is more harmful in coyotes. This is an example of

In the study of seed-eating rodents and ants in the American Southwest deserts, which observation provided evidence that rodents and ants compete for food?

When long-legged ants plug the nest entrances of red harvester ants with which they compete for seeds, it is called

In Lotka-Volterra population models, α₁₂ and α₂₁ are referred to as

Abiotic environmental factors are NOT considered resources for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

Which of the following is a limiting resource for sessile organisms in rocky intertidal habitats?

Graphical models of competition tell us that

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

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Exam 16: Competition

Which of the following make(s) coexistence of species 1 and 2 more likely?

Distantly related species are most likely to compete if they

A zero growth isocline is best defined in terms of

When two species interact directly to aggressively defend resources, it is called

In a chi-square test what is the null hypothesis?

Scientists believe that some species of eucalyptus in Australia promote frequent fires by means of flammable oils in their leaf litter. These fires kill completing plants. What type of competition does this example describe?

In Morin's competition experiment, ponds contained tadpoles of three species and a species of newt. Newts in increasing numbers were added to ponds containing the tadpoles. How did the number of newts affect competition among tadpoles?

When two species compete for soil water, it is called

Populations approach a stable equilibrium when

In the study of the diatoms Synedra and Asterionella, Synedra was a better competitor than Asterionella because Synedra

The competitive exclusion principle states that two organisms cannot coexist indefinitely when they

When wolves and coyotes compete, reductions in numbers of coyotes are attributed to a virus the wolves carry that is more harmful in coyotes. This is an example of

In the study of seed-eating rodents and ants in the American Southwest deserts, which observation provided evidence that rodents and ants compete for food?

When long-legged ants plug the nest entrances of red harvester ants with which they compete for seeds, it is called

In Lotka-Volterra population models, α12 and α21 are referred to as

Abiotic environmental factors are NOT considered resources for all of these reasons EXCEPT that

Which of the following is a limiting resource for sessile organisms in rocky intertidal habitats?

Graphical models of competition tell us that

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Filters

In Lotka-Volterra population models, α₁₂ and α₂₁ are referred to as