Question 1

Cultural services are those that

Accepted Answer

A)  humans use, including lumber, fur, meat, crops, water, and fibre. 
B)  allow ecosystems to exist, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  provide aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
A)  humans use, including lumber, fur, meat, crops, water, and fibre. 
B)  allow ecosystems to exist, such as primary production, soil formation, and nutrient cycling. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  provide aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value.

Question 2

A review of research in Europe demonstrated that species richness is

Accepted Answer

A)  positively related to aboveground biomass. 
B)  negatively related to aboveground biomass. 
C)  positively related to genetic diversity. 
D)  negatively related to genetic diversity. 
A)  positively related to aboveground biomass. 
B)  negatively related to aboveground biomass. 
C)  positively related to genetic diversity. 
D)  negatively related to genetic diversity.

Question 3

In a food chain that undergoes biomagnification of a pesticide, which organism can expected to have the highest pesticide concentration?

Accepted Answer

A)  algae 
B)  carnivorous fish 
C)  zooplankton 
D)  herbivorous fish 
A)  algae 
B)  carnivorous fish 
C)  zooplankton 
D)  herbivorous fish

Question 4

Biotic _____ is the process by which unique species compositions originally found in different regions slowly become more similar as a result of the movement of people, cargo, and species.

Accepted Answer

A)  normalization 
B)  confluence 
C)  magnification 
D)  homogenization 
A)  normalization 
B)  confluence 
C)  magnification 
D)  homogenization

Question 5

During the past 500 years, _____ of mammal species have gone extinct.

Accepted Answer

A)  10 percent 
B)  0.2 percent 
C)  5 percent 
D)  1.4 percent 
A)  10 percent 
B)  0.2 percent 
C)  5 percent 
D)  1.4 percent

Question 6

How many mass extinctions have occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 
B)  15 
C)  10 
D)  3 
A)  5 
B)  15 
C)  10 
D)  3

Question 7

In the calculation of half-life, N0 represents

Accepted Answer

A)  the final amount of the contaminant. 
B)  the initial amount of the contaminant. 
C)  the elapsed time. 
D)  the half-life. 
A)  the final amount of the contaminant. 
B)  the initial amount of the contaminant. 
C)  the elapsed time. 
D)  the half-life.

Question 8

Flood control is an example of a ____ service.

Accepted Answer

A)  provisioning 
B)  cultural 
C)  regulating 
D)  supporting 
A)  provisioning 
B)  cultural 
C)  regulating 
D)  supporting

Question 9

The time required for a chemical to break down to half of its original concentration is called its

Accepted Answer

A)  decomposition coefficient. 
B)  retention time. 
C)  half-life. 
D)  decontamination time. 
A)  decomposition coefficient. 
B)  retention time. 
C)  half-life. 
D)  decontamination time.

Question 10

How has agriculture led to losses of genetic diversity? Why is this a problem?

Accepted Answer

Modern livestock operations favour relat

Question 11

In addition to increasing temperature, global climate change is predicted to

Accepted Answer

A)  cause extreme weather events. 
B)  alter precipitation patterns. 
C)  shift distributions of species. 
D)  All of the above 
A)  cause extreme weather events. 
B)  alter precipitation patterns. 
C)  shift distributions of species. 
D)  All of the above

Question 12

Which chemical caused declines in predatory bird populations in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  DDT 
B)  Alar 
C)  organophosphates 
D)  pyrethroids 
A)  DDT 
B)  Alar 
C)  organophosphates 
D)  pyrethroids

Question 13

The carbon-sequestering ability of tropical rainforests is an example of a ____ service.

Accepted Answer

A)  regulating 
B)  provisioning 
C)  cultural 
D)  supporting 
A)  regulating 
B)  provisioning 
C)  cultural 
D)  supporting

Question 14

All species of moas (Dinornis) in New Zealand have gone extinct as a result of

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  pollution. 
A)  habitat loss. 
B)  overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species. 
D)  pollution.

Question 15

Protecting habitat for buffalo and wildebeests is challenging because

Accepted Answer

A)  they have a very large range. 
B)  they undergo large-scale movements. 
C)  there may not be enough contiguous habitat to meet their requirements. 
D)  All of the above. 
A)  they have a very large range. 
B)  they undergo large-scale movements. 
C)  there may not be enough contiguous habitat to meet their requirements. 
D)  All of the above.

Question 16

Why has it been challenging to determine the declines in species diversity of amphibians?

Accepted Answer

Amphibians are not as visible as other t

Question 17

The half-life of a contaminant is calculated as

Accepted Answer

A)  ln(N0 ÷ Nt) ÷ t ln(2). 
B)  ln(N0 × Nt) ÷ t ln(2). 
C)  t ln(2) ÷ ln(N0 × Nt). 
D)  t ln(2) ÷ ln(N0 ÷ Nt). 
A)  ln(N0 ÷ Nt) ÷ t ln(2). 
B)  ln(N0 × Nt) ÷ t ln(2). 
C)  t ln(2) ÷ ln(N0 × Nt). 
D)  t ln(2) ÷ ln(N0 ÷ Nt).

Question 18

What is the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as it moves up the food chain?

Accepted Answer

A)  bioexpansion 
B)  bioconcentration 
C)  biomagnification 
D)  bioaccumulation 
A)  bioexpansion 
B)  bioconcentration 
C)  biomagnification 
D)  bioaccumulation

Question 19

The goal in protecting a habitat is commonly the preservation of a large enough area to support a _____ population.

Accepted Answer

A)  maximum sustaining 
B)  minimum sustaining 
C)  maximum viable 
D)  minimum viable 
A)  maximum sustaining 
B)  minimum sustaining 
C)  maximum viable 
D)  minimum viable

Question 20

A supporting service provides benefits of biodiversity that

Accepted Answer

A)  have aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
B)  humans use. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  allow ecosystems to exist. 
A)  have aesthetic, spiritual, or recreational value. 
B)  humans use. 
C)  include climate regulation, flood control, and water purification. 
D)  allow ecosystems to exist.

Exam 23: Global Conservation of Biodiversity

Cultural services are those that

A review of research in Europe demonstrated that species richness is

In a food chain that undergoes biomagnification of a pesticide, which organism can expected to have the highest pesticide concentration?

Biotic _____ is the process by which unique species compositions originally found in different regions slowly become more similar as a result of the movement of people, cargo, and species.

During the past 500 years, _____ of mammal species have gone extinct.

How many mass extinctions have occurred?

In the calculation of half-life, N0 represents

Flood control is an example of a ____ service.

The time required for a chemical to break down to half of its original concentration is called its

How has agriculture led to losses of genetic diversity? Why is this a problem?

In addition to increasing temperature, global climate change is predicted to

Which chemical caused declines in predatory bird populations in the 1950s and 1960s in the United States?

The carbon-sequestering ability of tropical rainforests is an example of a ____ service.

All species of moas (Dinornis) in New Zealand have gone extinct as a result of

Protecting habitat for buffalo and wildebeests is challenging because

Why has it been challenging to determine the declines in species diversity of amphibians?

The half-life of a contaminant is calculated as

What is the process by which the concentration of a contaminant increases as it moves up the food chain?

The goal in protecting a habitat is commonly the preservation of a large enough area to support a _____ population.

A supporting service provides benefits of biodiversity that

Introduction: Ecology, Evolution, and the Scientific Method

Adaptations to Aquatic Environments

Adaptations to Terrestrial Environments

Adaptations to Variable Environments

Climates and Soils

Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomes

Evolution and Adaptation

Life Histories

Reproductive Strategies

Social Behaviours

Population Distributions

Population Growth and Regulation

Population Dynamics Over Space and Time

Predation and Herbivory

Parasitism and Infectious Diseases

Competition

Community Structure

Community Succession

Movement of Energy in Ecosystems

Movement of Elements in Ecosystems

Landscape Ecology, Biogeography, and Global Biodiversity

Filters

In the calculation of half-life, N₀ represents