Question 1

Bicarbonate (HCO-3)is considered an anion because it

Accepted Answer

A)  contains hydrogen. 
B)  contains carbon. 
C)  contains oxygen. 
D)  carries a negative charge. 
A)  contains hydrogen. 
B)  contains carbon. 
C)  contains oxygen. 
D)  carries a negative charge.

Question 2

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Accepted Answer

A)  PTH,aldosterone 
B)  ADH,ANF 
C)  HCO-3,H2CO3 
D)  sodium,potassium 
A)  PTH,aldosterone 
B)  ADH,ANF 
C)  HCO-3,H2CO3 
D)  sodium,potassium

Question 3

Which ion determines pH?

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  potassium 
A)  sodium 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  bicarbonate 
D)  potassium

Question 4

Retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation.

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  sodium 
D)  bicarbonate 
A)  potassium 
B)  hydrogen 
C)  sodium 
D)  bicarbonate

Question 5

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of this ion.

Accepted Answer

A)  Na⁺ 
B)  K⁺ 
C)  H⁺ 
D)  Cl- 
A)  Na⁺ 
B)  K⁺ 
C)  H⁺ 
D)  Cl-

Question 6

This ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle.

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  potassium 
A)  sodium 
B)  calcium 
C)  hydrogen 
D)  potassium

Question 7

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydration 
B)  edema 
C)  hypovolemia 
D)  polyuria 
A)  dehydration 
B)  edema 
C)  hypovolemia 
D)  polyuria

Question 8

Which of the following is characteristic of acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  pH of 7.55 
B)  a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ion in the blood 
C)  urinary excretion of bicarbonate 
D)  pH less than 7.35 
A)  pH of 7.55 
B)  a decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ion in the blood 
C)  urinary excretion of bicarbonate 
D)  pH less than 7.35

Question 9

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  ions:sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride 
B)  lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C)  extracellular fluid:intravascular,interstitial,transcellular 
D)  substances that are normally found in a sample of urine:urea,creatinine,glucose 
A)  ions:sodium,potassium,calcium,bicarbonate,chloride 
B)  lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys 
C)  extracellular fluid:intravascular,interstitial,transcellular 
D)  substances that are normally found in a sample of urine:urea,creatinine,glucose

Question 10

Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation.

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  albumin 
A)  bicarbonate 
B)  sodium 
C)  potassium 
D)  albumin

Question 11

Which condition is caused by vomiting stomach contents?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperkalemia 
B)  hypernatremia and blood volume expansion 
C)  hypocalcemic tetany 
D)  alkalosis 
A)  hyperkalemia 
B)  hypernatremia and blood volume expansion 
C)  hypocalcemic tetany 
D)  alkalosis

Question 12

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygenation of blood 
B)  excretion of carbon dioxide 
C)  secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na⁺ 
D)  regulation of blood pH 
A)  oxygenation of blood 
B)  excretion of carbon dioxide 
C)  secretion of aldosterone and the regulation of Na⁺ 
D)  regulation of blood pH

Question 13

Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most body water is extracellular. 
B)  Plasma is extracellular fluid. 
C)  Transcellular fluid is extracellular. 
D)  There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid. 
A)  Most body water is extracellular. 
B)  Plasma is extracellular fluid. 
C)  Transcellular fluid is extracellular. 
D)  There is more interstitial fluid than intravascular fluid.

Question 14

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Accepted Answer

A)  water. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  sodium. 
A)  water. 
B)  albumin. 
C)  potassium. 
D)  sodium.

Question 15

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Accepted Answer

A)  lymph 
B)  interstitial 
C)  plasma 
D)  transcellular 
A)  lymph 
B)  interstitial 
C)  plasma 
D)  transcellular

Question 16

Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  contain no electrolytes 
B)  protein-free fluids 
C)  classified as extracellular 
D)  pH less than 6 (highly acidic) 
A)  contain no electrolytes 
B)  protein-free fluids 
C)  classified as extracellular 
D)  pH less than 6 (highly acidic)

Question 17

This is the chief extracellular cation.

Accepted Answer

A)  chloride 
B)  calcium 
C)  sodium 
D)  potassium 
A)  chloride 
B)  calcium 
C)  sodium 
D)  potassium

Question 18

Which group is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  cations:sodium,potassium,calcium 
B)  acid-base imbalances:acidosis and alkalosis 
C)  lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys 
D)  transcellular fluids:aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma 
A)  cations:sodium,potassium,calcium 
B)  acid-base imbalances:acidosis and alkalosis 
C)  lines of defense against acid-base imbalance:buffers,lungs,kidneys 
D)  transcellular fluids:aqueous humor,cerebrospinal fluid,plasma

Question 19

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cation.

Accepted Answer

A)  calcium 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium 
A)  calcium 
B)  bicarbonate 
C)  chloride 
D)  sodium

Question 20

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Accepted Answer

A)  plasma H+ concentration 
B)  hydration status of the body 
C)  plasma potassium 
D)  the buffering capacity of the blood 
A)  plasma H+ concentration 
B)  hydration status of the body 
C)  plasma potassium 
D)  the buffering capacity of the blood

Exam 25: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Bicarbonate (HCO-3)is considered an anion because it

Which of the following is a buffer pair?

Which ion determines pH?

Retention of this ion causes water retention and edema formation.

Respiratory rate is most sensitive to the effects of this ion.

This ion determines the resting membrane potential of nerve and muscle.

Which of the following is most likely to occur when output is less than intake?

Which of the following is characteristic of acidosis?

Which group is incorrect?

Water and chloride usually follow the movement of this cation.

Which condition is caused by vomiting stomach contents?

Which of the following is not a function of the lungs?

Which of the following is not true of extracellular fluid?

Kaliuresis refers to the urinary loss of

Which of the following forms the greatest extracellular fluid compartment?

Which of the following is true about interstitial fluid,plasma,lymph,and transcellular fluid?

This is the chief extracellular cation.

Which group is incorrect?

Most diuretics increase urine production by blocking the effects of this cation.

What does urinary specific gravity measure?

Introduction to the Human Body

Basic Chemistry

Cells

Cell Metabolism

Microbiology Basics

Tissues and Membranes

Integumentary System and Body Temperature

Skeletal System

Muscular System

Nervous System: Nervous Tissue and Brain

Nervous System: Spinal Cord and Peripheral Nerves

Autonomic Nervous System

Sensory System

Endocrine System

Blood

Heart

Function of the Heart

Anatomy of the Blood Vessels

Functions of the Blood Vessels

Lymphatic System

Immune System

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Urinary System

Reproductive Systems

Human Development and Heredity

Filters

Bicarbonate (HCO-₃)is considered an anion because it