Question 1

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  It must be human. 
B)  It must be a primate. 
C)  It must be an animal. 
D)  It must be sexually reproducing. 
E)  Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes. 
A)  It must be human. 
B)  It must be a primate. 
C)  It must be an animal. 
D)  It must be sexually reproducing. 
E)  Its gametes must have 23 chromosomes.

Question 2

The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologs; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
-When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them. 
D)  Each of the four DNA strands of a homologous pair is broken, and the pieces are mixed. 
E)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles, and vice versa. 
A)  Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. 
B)  Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. 
C)  Specific proteins break the two strands of nonsister chromatids and re-join them. 
D)  Each of the four DNA strands of a homologous pair is broken, and the pieces are mixed. 
E)  Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles, and vice versa.

Question 3

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions.
   Figure 10.3
-Which sample(s) might represent a zygote?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II 
E)  either II or III 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  either I or II 
E)  either II or III

Question 4

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Privet cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B)  Privet sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D)  Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E)  Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18. 
A)  Privet cells cannot reproduce sexually. 
B)  Privet sex cells have chromosomes that can synapse with human chromosomes in the laboratory. 
C)  Genes of privet chromosomes are significantly different than those in humans. 
D)  Privet shrubs must be metabolically more like animals than like other shrubs. 
E)  Genes on a particular privet chromosome, such as the X, must be on a different human chromosome, such as number 18.

Question 5

When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know which of the following has occurred?

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual reproduction 
B)  meiosis II 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  prophase I 
E)  separation of homologs 
A)  asexual reproduction 
B)  meiosis II 
C)  anaphase II 
D)  prophase I 
E)  separation of homologs

Question 6

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.
-How many different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes can be packaged in gametes made by an organism with a diploid number of 8 (2n = 8)?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
E)  32 
A)  2 
B)  4 
C)  8 
D)  16 
E)  32

Question 7

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI 
E)  VIII 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  IV 
D)  VI 
E)  VIII

Question 8

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.
-If the DNA content of a diploid cell in the G1 phase of the cell cycle is x, then the DNA content of the same cell at metaphase of meiosis I would be

Accepted Answer

A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x. 
E)  4x. 
A)  0.25x. 
B)  0.5x. 
C)  x. 
D)  2x. 
E)  4x.

Question 9

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  telophase 
E)  interphase 
A)  prophase 
B)  metaphase 
C)  anaphase 
D)  telophase 
E)  interphase

Question 10

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
There is a group of invertebrate animals called rotifers, among which a particular group of species reproduces, as far as is known, only asexually. These rotifers, however, have survived a long evolutionary history without evidence of having been overcome by excessive mutations.
-How is natural selection related to sexual reproduction as opposed to asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the most appropriate and healthiest balance of two sexes in a population. 
C)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
D)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
E)  Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction. 
A)  Sexual reproduction results in many new gene combinations, some of which will lead to differential reproduction. 
B)  Sexual reproduction results in the most appropriate and healthiest balance of two sexes in a population. 
C)  Sexual reproduction results in the greatest number of new mutations. 
D)  Sexual reproduction allows the greatest number of offspring to be produced. 
E)  Sexual reproduction utilizes far less energy than asexual reproduction.

Question 11

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A)  a haploid animal cell 
B)  a diploid cell from a plant stem 
C)  any diploid animal cell 
D)  a plantlike protist 
E)  an archaebacterium 
A)  a haploid animal cell 
B)  a diploid cell from a plant stem 
C)  any diploid animal cell 
D)  a plantlike protist 
E)  an archaebacterium

Question 12

The following question refers to the essential steps in meiosis described below.
1. Formation of four new nuclei, each with half the chromosomes present in the parental nucleus
2. Alignment of homologous chromosomes at the metaphase plate
3. Separation of sister chromatids
4. Separation of the homologs; no uncoupling of the centromere
5. Synapsis; chromosomes moving to the middle of the cell in pairs
-Which of the steps take(s) place in both mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  2 and 3 only 
E)  2, 3, and 5 
A)  2 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  2 and 3 only 
E)  2, 3, and 5

Question 13

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

Accepted Answer

A)  late prophase of meiosis I 
B)  during fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C)  early anaphase of meiosis I 
D)  mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E)  late metaphase of meiosis II 
A)  late prophase of meiosis I 
B)  during fertilization or fusion of gametes 
C)  early anaphase of meiosis I 
D)  mid-prophase of meiosis II 
E)  late metaphase of meiosis II

Question 14

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Accepted Answer

A)  They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C)  They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate. 
D)  They must reattach to chromosomes during G1. 
E)  They must be intact for nuclear envelope re-formation. 
A)  They must persist throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  They must be removed before meiosis can begin. 
C)  They must be removed before sister chromatids or homologous chromosomes can separate. 
D)  They must reattach to chromosomes during G1. 
E)  They must be intact for nuclear envelope re-formation.

Question 15

Mitosis is commonly found in all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  a haploid animal cell. 
B)  a diploid animal cell. 
C)  a haploid plant cell. 
D)  a diploid plant cell. 
A)  a haploid animal cell. 
B)  a diploid animal cell. 
C)  a haploid plant cell. 
D)  a diploid plant cell.

Question 16

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below.
I. Prophase I V. Prophase II
II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II
III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II
IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II
-Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

Accepted Answer

A)  II 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
E)  VII 
A)  II 
B)  III 
C)  IV 
D)  V 
E)  VII

Question 17

To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what would you look for?

Accepted Answer

A)  sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome grouped at the poles 
B)  individual chromosomes all at the cell's center 
C)  an uninterrupted spindle array 
D)  the synaptonemal complex 
E)  pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center 
A)  sister chromatids of a replicated chromosome grouped at the poles 
B)  individual chromosomes all at the cell's center 
C)  an uninterrupted spindle array 
D)  the synaptonemal complex 
E)  pairs of homologous chromosomes all aligned at the cell's center

Question 18

Which of the following defines a genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides 
B)  the complete set of an organism's polypeptides 
C)  the complete set of a species' polypeptides 
D)  a karyotype 
E)  the complete set of an organism's genes 
A)  representation of a complete set of a cell's polypeptides 
B)  the complete set of an organism's polypeptides 
C)  the complete set of a species' polypeptides 
D)  a karyotype 
E)  the complete set of an organism's genes

Question 19

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D)  They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E)  They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA. 
A)  They have twice the amount of cytoplasm and half the amount of DNA. 
B)  They have half the number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
C)  They have the same number of chromosomes and half the amount of DNA. 
D)  They have half the number of chromosomes and one-fourth the amount of DNA. 
E)  They have half the amount of cytoplasm and twice the amount of DNA.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Accepted Answer

A)  The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C)  Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
D)  During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
E)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes. 
A)  The species is diploid with 32 chromosomes per cell. 
B)  The species has 16 sets of chromosomes per cell. 
C)  Each cell has eight homologous pairs. 
D)  During the S phase of the cell cycle there will be 32 separate chromosomes. 
E)  A gamete from this species has four chromosomes.

Exam 10: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

A given organism has 46 chromosomes in its karyotype. We can therefore conclude which of the following?

You have isolated DNA from three different cell types of an organism, determined the relative DNA content for each type, and plotted the results on the graph shown in Figure 10.3. Refer to the graph to answer the following questions. Figure 10.3 -Which sample(s) might represent a zygote?

The somatic cells of a privet shrub each contain 46 chromosomes. To be as different as they are from human cells, which have the same number of chromosomes, which of the following must be true?

When we see chiasmata under a microscope, that lets us know which of the following has occurred?

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Homologous chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the spindle.

At which stage of mitosis are chromosomes usually photographed in the preparation of a karyotype?

Which of the following can utilize both mitosis and meiosis in the correct circumstances?

When does the synaptonemal complex disappear?

Whether during mitosis or meiosis, sister chromatids are held together by proteins referred to as cohesins. Such molecules must have which of the following properties?

Mitosis is commonly found in all of the following except

For the following questions, match the key event of meiosis with the stages listed below. I. Prophase I V. Prophase II II. Metaphase I VI. Metaphase II III. Anaphase I VII. Anaphase II IV. Telophase I VIII. Telophase II -Centromeres of sister chromatids disjoin and chromatids separate.

To visualize and identify meiotic cells at metaphase with a microscope, what would you look for?

Which of the following defines a genome?

How do cells at the completion of meiosis compare with cells that have replicated their DNA and are just about to begin meiosis?

Which of the following is true of a species that has a chromosome number of 2n = 16?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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