Question 1

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B)  plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C)  the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D)  transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E)  plants that are easy to grow in arid environments. 
A)  the breakdown of cell wall biopolymers into sugars that can be fermented. 
B)  plants that convert hemicellulose into gasoline. 
C)  the genetic engineering of ethanol-generating genes into plants. 
D)  transgenic crops that have cell walls containing ethylene. 
E)  plants that are easy to grow in arid environments.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of a fertilized embryo sac?

Accepted Answer

A)  All cells are diploid. 
B)  All cells are triploid. 
C)  All cells are polyploid. 
D)  The ploidy level varies among species. 
E)  There are haploid, diploid, and triploid cells. 
A)  All cells are diploid. 
B)  All cells are triploid. 
C)  All cells are polyploid. 
D)  The ploidy level varies among species. 
E)  There are haploid, diploid, and triploid cells.

Question 3

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. 
B)  Stocks come from vines, but scions come from trees. 
C)  Stocks provide root systems for grafting. 
D)  Grafting creates new species. 
E)  Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species. 
A)  Stocks and scions refer to twigs of different species. 
B)  Stocks come from vines, but scions come from trees. 
C)  Stocks provide root systems for grafting. 
D)  Grafting creates new species. 
E)  Stocks and scions must come from unrelated species.

Question 4

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the amount of land suitable for agriculture. 
B)  creating crops with better potential for biofuel production. 
C)  creating crops with better nutritional attributes. 
D)  increasing crop yield. 
E)  decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes. 
A)  increasing the amount of land suitable for agriculture. 
B)  creating crops with better potential for biofuel production. 
C)  creating crops with better nutritional attributes. 
D)  increasing crop yield. 
E)  decreasing the mutation rate of certain genes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is true for a species that produces seeds by apomixis?

Accepted Answer

A)  The seed coat is made of diploid cells derived from the ovule of a flower. 
B)  The embryo consists of diploid cells derived from fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm. 
C)  The scutellum is the primary food storage tissue of the embryo. 
D)  A haploid embryo is contained within the seed. 
E)  The embryo of the seed is genetically distinct from the parent plant. 
A)  The seed coat is made of diploid cells derived from the ovule of a flower. 
B)  The embryo consists of diploid cells derived from fertilization of a haploid egg by a haploid sperm. 
C)  The scutellum is the primary food storage tissue of the embryo. 
D)  A haploid embryo is contained within the seed. 
E)  The embryo of the seed is genetically distinct from the parent plant.

Question 6

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

Accepted Answer

A)  protect against animal predation. 
B)  ensure double fertilization. 
C)  form a seed coat. 
D)  direct development of the endosperm. 
E)  produce hormones that ensure successful pollination. 
A)  protect against animal predation. 
B)  ensure double fertilization. 
C)  form a seed coat. 
D)  direct development of the endosperm. 
E)  produce hormones that ensure successful pollination.

Question 7

Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves both meiosis and mitosis to produce haploid and diploid cells. 
B)  It produces vegetables and not fruits. 
C)  It involves meiosis only. 
D)  It can lead to genetically altered forms of the species. 
E)  It produces clones of the parent plant. 
A)  It involves both meiosis and mitosis to produce haploid and diploid cells. 
B)  It produces vegetables and not fruits. 
C)  It involves meiosis only. 
D)  It can lead to genetically altered forms of the species. 
E)  It produces clones of the parent plant.

Question 8

Genetic incompatibility does not affect

Accepted Answer

A)  the attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. 
B)  the germination of the pollen on the stigma. 
C)  the growth of the pollen tube in the style. 
D)  the membrane permeability of cells. 
E)  different individuals of the same species. 
A)  the attraction of a suitable insect pollinator. 
B)  the germination of the pollen on the stigma. 
C)  the growth of the pollen tube in the style. 
D)  the membrane permeability of cells. 
E)  different individuals of the same species.

Question 9

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Accepted Answer

A)  embryo X/endosperm XX or embryo Y/endosperm XY 
B)  embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY 
E)  embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY 
A)  embryo X/endosperm XX or embryo Y/endosperm XY 
B)  embryo XX/endosperm XX or embryo XY/endosperm XY 
C)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XYY 
D)  embryo XX/endosperm XXX or embryo XY/endosperm XXY 
E)  embryo XY/endosperm XXX or embryo XX/endosperm XXY

Question 10

Carpellate flowers

Accepted Answer

A)  are perfect. 
B)  are complete. 
C)  produce pollen. 
D)  are found only on dioecious plants. 
E)  develop into fruits. 
A)  are perfect. 
B)  are complete. 
C)  produce pollen. 
D)  are found only on dioecious plants. 
E)  develop into fruits.

Question 11

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fertilization precedes pollination. 
B)  Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species, whereas fertilization is within a species. 
C)  Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. 
D)  Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei. 
E)  If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary. 
A)  Fertilization precedes pollination. 
B)  Pollination easily occurs between plants of different species, whereas fertilization is within a species. 
C)  Pollen is formed within megasporangia so that male and female gametes are near each other. 
D)  Pollination is the transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma. Fertilization is the fusion of haploid nuclei. 
E)  If fertilization occurs, pollination is unnecessary.

Question 12

In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle?

Accepted Answer

A)  pea 
B)  raspberry 
C)  apple 
D)  pineapple 
E)  peach 
A)  pea 
B)  raspberry 
C)  apple 
D)  pineapple 
E)  peach

Question 13

Which of the following statements is true of most angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed. 
B)  They have an ovary that becomes a fruit. 
C)  They have a small (reduced) sporophyte. 
D)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed and an ovary that becomes a fruit. 
E)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed, an ovary that becomes a fruit, and a small (reduced) sporophyte. 
A)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed. 
B)  They have an ovary that becomes a fruit. 
C)  They have a small (reduced) sporophyte. 
D)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed and an ovary that becomes a fruit. 
E)  They have a triploid endosperm within the seed, an ovary that becomes a fruit, and a small (reduced) sporophyte.

Question 14

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

Accepted Answer

A)  pollination 
B)  fertilization 
C)  imbibition 
D)  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves 
E)  emergence of the radicle 
A)  pollination 
B)  fertilization 
C)  imbibition 
D)  hydrolysis of starch and other food reserves 
E)  emergence of the radicle

Question 15

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac. 
B)  It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants. 
C)  It is used to develop gene banks to preserve genetic variability. 
D)  It is the method of test-tube cloning that produces whole plants from callus. 
E)  It occurs within a callus that is developing in tissue culture. 
A)  It occurs when the second sperm nucleus fuses with the polar nuclei in the embryo sac. 
B)  It can be used to form new plant varieties by combining genomes from two plants. 
C)  It is used to develop gene banks to preserve genetic variability. 
D)  It is the method of test-tube cloning that produces whole plants from callus. 
E)  It occurs within a callus that is developing in tissue culture.

Question 16

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) ________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n) ________, which covers the young root.

Accepted Answer

A)  cotyledon; radicle 
B)  hypocotyl; epicotyl 
C)  coleoptile; coleorhiza 
D)  scutellum; coleoptile 
E)  epicotyl; radicle 
A)  cotyledon; radicle 
B)  hypocotyl; epicotyl 
C)  coleoptile; coleorhiza 
D)  scutellum; coleoptile 
E)  epicotyl; radicle

Question 17

Double fertilization means that

Accepted Answer

A)  flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds. 
B)  every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo. 
C)  one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei. 
D)  the egg of the embryo sac is diploid. 
E)  every sperm has two nuclei. 
A)  flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds. 
B)  every egg must receive two sperm to produce an embryo. 
C)  one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei. 
D)  the egg of the embryo sac is diploid. 
E)  every sperm has two nuclei.

Question 18

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pollen tube growth would not be directed toward the egg, and fertilization would not occur. 
B)  The seeds from the flowers would be unable to break dormancy. 
C)  The pollen grain would not form a pollen tube due to incompatibility with the pollen tube. 
D)  The length of the style would be increased to the point where the growing pollen tube would be unable to reach the synergids. 
A)  Pollen tube growth would not be directed toward the egg, and fertilization would not occur. 
B)  The seeds from the flowers would be unable to break dormancy. 
C)  The pollen grain would not form a pollen tube due to incompatibility with the pollen tube. 
D)  The length of the style would be increased to the point where the growing pollen tube would be unable to reach the synergids.

Question 19

A small flower with green petals is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  bee-pollinated. 
B)  bird-pollinated. 
C)  bat-pollinated. 
D)  wind-pollinated. 
E)  moth-pollinated. 
A)  bee-pollinated. 
B)  bird-pollinated. 
C)  bat-pollinated. 
D)  wind-pollinated. 
E)  moth-pollinated.

Question 20

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Accepted Answer

A)  petals → sepals → stamens → carpels 
B)  sepals → stamens → petals → carpels 
C)  spores → gametes → zygote → embryo 
D)  sepals → petals → stamens → carpels 
E)  male gametophyte → female gametophyte → sepals → petals 
A)  petals → sepals → stamens → carpels 
B)  sepals → stamens → petals → carpels 
C)  spores → gametes → zygote → embryo 
D)  sepals → petals → stamens → carpels 
E)  male gametophyte → female gametophyte → sepals → petals

Exam 30: Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Biofuels are mainly produced by

Which of the following best describes the ploidy level of a fertilized embryo sac?

Which statement concerning grafting is correct?

The most immediate potential benefits of introducing genetically modified crops include all of the following except

Which of the following statements is true for a species that produces seeds by apomixis?

The primary function of the integument of an ovule is to

Which of the following is true about vegetative reproduction?

Genetic incompatibility does not affect

Some dioecious species have the XY genotype for male and XX for female. After double fertilization, what would be the genotypes of the embryos and endosperm nuclei?

Carpellate flowers

What is the difference between pollination and fertilization in flowering plants?

In some angiosperms, other floral parts contribute to what is commonly called the fruit. Which of the following fruits is derived mostly from an enlarged receptacle?

Which of the following statements is true of most angiosperms?

What is the first step in the germination of a seed?

Which of the following statements is true of protoplast fusion?

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) ________, which covers the young shoot, and a(n) ________, which covers the young root.

Double fertilization means that

What effects would occur in a mutant of Arabidopsis that cannot synthesize GABA within its flowers?

A small flower with green petals is most likely

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters

The embryo of a grass seed is enclosed by two protective sheaths, a(n) , which covers the young shoot, and a(n) , which covers the young root.