Exam 37: Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Assume that a single IPSP has a negative magnitude of -0.5 mV at the axon hillock, and that a single EPSP has a positive magnitude of +0.5 mV. For a neuron with an initial membrane potential of -70 mV, the net effect of the simultaneous arrival of six IPSPs and two EPSPs would be to move the membrane potential to

A common feature of action potentials is that they

The operation of the sodium-potassium "pump" moves

A cation that is more abundant as a solute in the cytosol of a neuron than it is in the interstitial fluid outside the neuron is

Action potentials are normally carried in only one direction: from the axon hillock toward the axon terminals. If you experimentally depolarize the middle of the axon to threshold, using an electronic probe, then

Where are neurotransmitter receptors located?

Two fundamental principles that characterize gated ion channels in the neuronal membrane are that the channels

Two fundamental concepts about the ion channels of a "resting" neuron are that the channels

ATP hydrolysis directly powers the movement of

The "undershoot" phase of after-hyperpolarization is due to

Most of the neurons in the human brain are

An inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) occurs in a membrane made more permeable to

Self-propagation and refractory periods are typical of

The surface on a neuron that discharges the contents of synaptic vesicles is the

An amino acid that operates at inhibitory synapses in the brain is

After the depolarization phase of an action potential, the resting potential is restored by

Neurotransmitters are released from axon terminals via

When several EPSPs arrive at the axon hillock from different dendritic locations, depolarizing the postsynaptic cell to threshold for an action potential, this is an example of

Opening all of the sodium channels, with all other ion channels closed-which is an admittedly artificial setting-on an otherwise typical neuron should move its membrane potential to

For the following questions, refer to the graph of an action potential in Figure 37.1. Figure 37.1 -The membrane potential is closest to the equilibrium potential for potassium at label