Question 1

Statocysts contain cells that are

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanoreceptors used to detect orientation relative to gravity. 
B)  chemoreceptors used in selecting migration routes. 
C)  photoreceptors used in setting biological rhythms. 
D)  thermoreceptors used in prey detection. 
E)  chemoreceptors used in acid-base balance. 
A)  mechanoreceptors used to detect orientation relative to gravity. 
B)  chemoreceptors used in selecting migration routes. 
C)  photoreceptors used in setting biological rhythms. 
D)  thermoreceptors used in prey detection. 
E)  chemoreceptors used in acid-base balance.

Question 2

Rods exposed to light will

Accepted Answer

A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E)  fire one action potential for each photon received. 
A)  depolarize due to the opening of sodium channels. 
B)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of sodium channels. 
C)  depolarize due to the opening of potassium channels. 
D)  hyperpolarize due to the closing of potassium channels. 
E)  fire one action potential for each photon received.

Question 3

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in

Accepted Answer

A)  the gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord. 
B)  the white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
C)  the gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
D)  the white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord. 
E)  all areas of the brain and spinal cord. 
A)  the gray matter of the brain and the white matter of the spinal cord. 
B)  the white matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
C)  the gray matter of the brain and the gray matter of the spinal cord. 
D)  the white matter in the brain and the white matter in the spinal cord. 
E)  all areas of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 4

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Accepted Answer

A)  hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B)  salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C)  visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D)  olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E)  sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated. 
A)  hormone receptors for digestive hormones were reduced or eliminated, showing that bitter tastes are reinforced by digestive responses. 
B)  salt-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that animals have unregulated salt appetites. 
C)  visual sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn visual cues about bitter tastes. 
D)  olfactory sense was reduced or eliminated, suggesting that mice learn odor cues about bitter tastes. 
E)  sweet-taste cells were altered to express receptors for bitter tastants, suggesting that the sensation of taste depends only on which taste cell is stimulated.

Question 5

Wernicke's area

Accepted Answer

A)  is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B)  is active during the generation of speech. 
C)  coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D)  is active when you are reading silently. 
E)  is found on the left side of the brain. 
A)  is active when speech is heard and comprehended. 
B)  is active during the generation of speech. 
C)  coordinates the response to olfactory sensation. 
D)  is active when you are reading silently. 
E)  is found on the left side of the brain.

Question 6

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus. 1. transmission
2) transduction
3) integration
4) amplification

Accepted Answer

A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  3 → 1 → 4 → 2 
A)  1 → 2 → 3 → 4 
B)  1 → 4 → 2 → 3 
C)  2 → 4 → 1 → 3 
D)  3 → 1 → 2 → 4 
E)  3 → 1 → 4 → 2

Question 7

The next questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 38.3.
   Figure 38.3
-The organ of Corti is contained in the structure numbered

Accepted Answer

A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7. 
A)  3. 
B)  4. 
C)  5. 
D)  6. 
E)  7.

Question 8

Refer to the illustration of the limbic system in Figure 38.1 to help answer the next few questions.
   Figure 38.1
-In Figure 38.1, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 9

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

Accepted Answer

A)  the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B)  moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C)  rods and cones provide information that does not correspond with information received by cochlear hair cells. 
D)  the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
E)  the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical. 
A)  the hair cells in the cochlea move more than their normal limits. 
B)  moving fluid in the semicircular canals encounters a stationary cupula. 
C)  rods and cones provide information that does not correspond with information received by cochlear hair cells. 
D)  the basilar membrane makes physical contact with the tectorial membrane. 
E)  the utricle is horizontal but the saccule is vertical.

Question 10

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain. 
B)  a product of the filtration of blood in the brain. 
C)  formed from layers of connective tissue. 
D)  functioning to cushion the brain. 
E)  filling cavities in the brain called ventricles. 
A)  functioning in transport of nutrients and hormones through the brain. 
B)  a product of the filtration of blood in the brain. 
C)  formed from layers of connective tissue. 
D)  functioning to cushion the brain. 
E)  filling cavities in the brain called ventricles.

Question 11

The blood-brain barrier

Accepted Answer

A)  is formed by tight junctions. 
B)  is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C)  tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D)  uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E)  provides support to the brain tissue. 
A)  is formed by tight junctions. 
B)  is formed by oligodendrocytes. 
C)  tightly regulates the intracellular environment of the CNS. 
D)  uses chemical signals to communicate with the spinal cord. 
E)  provides support to the brain tissue.

Question 12

Although some sharks close their eyes just before they bite, their bites are on target. Researchers have noted that sharks often misdirect their bites at metal objects and that they can find batteries buried under sand. This evidence suggests that sharks keep track of their prey during the split second before they bite in the same way that

Accepted Answer

A)  a rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow. 
B)  an insect avoids being stepped on. 
C)  a star-nosed mole locates its prey in tunnels. 
D)  a platypus locates its prey in a muddy river. 
E)  a flatworm avoids light places. 
A)  a rattlesnake finds a mouse in its burrow. 
B)  an insect avoids being stepped on. 
C)  a star-nosed mole locates its prey in tunnels. 
D)  a platypus locates its prey in a muddy river. 
E)  a flatworm avoids light places.

Question 13

Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)  Hydra. 
B)  cnidarians. 
C)  Planaria. 
D)  sea stars. 
E)  invertebrate animals with radial symmetry. 
A)  Hydra. 
B)  cnidarians. 
C)  Planaria. 
D)  sea stars. 
E)  invertebrate animals with radial symmetry.

Question 14

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 15

Short-term memory information processing usually causes changes in the

Accepted Answer

A)  brainstem. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  hippocampus. 
E)  cranial nerves. 
A)  brainstem. 
B)  medulla. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  hippocampus. 
E)  cranial nerves.

Question 16

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with

Accepted Answer

A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
E)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, decreased activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the enteric nervous system. 
A)  increased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
B)  decreased activity in the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. 
C)  decreased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
D)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, and decreased activity in the parasympathetic and enteric nervous systems. 
E)  increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system, decreased activity in the parasympathetic nervous system, and increased activity in the enteric nervous system.

Question 17

The motor cortex is part of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  midbrain. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  spinal cord. 
D)  midbrain. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 18

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

Accepted Answer

A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes. 
E)  the listener having had training in music. 
A)  which part of the tympanic membrane is being vibrated by sound waves. 
B)  which part of the oval window produces waves in the cochlear fluid. 
C)  which region of the basilar membrane was set in motion. 
D)  whether or not the sound moves the incus, malleus, and stapes. 
E)  the listener having had training in music.

Question 19

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding in response to seeing a predator, which is the fourth event in the series?

Accepted Answer

A)  signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B)  signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C)  information processing in the CNS 
D)  activation of a sensory receptor 
E)  activation of a motor system 
A)  signaling by an afferent PNS neuron 
B)  signaling by an efferent PNS neuron 
C)  information processing in the CNS 
D)  activation of a sensory receptor 
E)  activation of a motor system

Question 20

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Exam 38: Nervous and Sensory Systems

Statocysts contain cells that are

Rods exposed to light will

Myelinated neurons are especially abundant in

Experiments with genetically altered mice showed that the mice would consume abnormally high amounts of bitter-tasting compounds in water after their

Wernicke's area

Choose the correct sequence of the following events leading to the sensory processing of a stimulus. 1. transmission 2) transduction 3) integration 4) amplification

The next questions refer to the diagram of the ear in Figure 38.3. Figure 38.3 -The organ of Corti is contained in the structure numbered

Refer to the illustration of the limbic system in Figure 38.1 to help answer the next few questions. Figure 38.1 -In Figure 38.1, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

Dizziness is a perceived sensation that can occur when

Cerebrospinal fluid can be described as all of the following except

The blood-brain barrier

Cephalization, the clustering of neurons and interneurons in the anterior part of the animal, is apparent in

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Short-term memory information processing usually causes changes in the

Imagine you are resting comfortably on a sofa after dinner. This could be described as a state with

The motor cortex is part of the

The perceived pitch of a sound depends on

If the following events are arranged in the order in which they occur for an animal hiding in response to seeing a predator, which is the fourth event in the series?

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

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