Question 1

Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate 
B)  malate or fumarate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  α-ketoglutarate 
E)  succinyl CoA 
A)  pyruvate 
B)  malate or fumarate 
C)  acetyl CoA 
D)  α-ketoglutarate 
E)  succinyl CoA

Question 2

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the citric acid cycle 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate 
E)  reduction of pyruvate to lactate 
A)  the citric acid cycle 
B)  the electron transport chain 
C)  glycolysis 
D)  synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate 
E)  reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Question 3

The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. 
B)  the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. 
C)  the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. 
D)  the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
E)  the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP. 
A)  oxidation of glucose to CO2 and water. 
B)  the thermodynamically favorable flow of electrons from NADH to the mitochondrial electron transport carriers. 
C)  the final transfer of electrons to oxygen. 
D)  the proton-motive force across the inner mitochondrial membrane. 
E)  the thermodynamically favorable transfer of phosphate from glycolysis and the citric acid cycle intermediate molecules of ADP.

Question 4

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  glycolysis. 
B)  the citric acid cycle. 
C)  lactate fermentation. 
D)  electron transport. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C)  NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. 
D)  NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function. 
A)  NAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle. 
B)  NAD+ has more chemical energy than NADH. 
C)  NAD+ is oxidized by the action of hydrogenases. 
D)  NAD+ can donate electrons for use in oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  In the absence of NAD+, glycolysis can still function.

Question 6

When an individual is exercising heavily and when the muscle becomes oxygen-deprived, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. What happens to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is converted to NAD+. 
B)  It produces CO2 and water. 
C)  It is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate. 
D)  It reduces FADH2 to FAD+. 
E)  It is converted to alcohol. 
A)  It is converted to NAD+. 
B)  It produces CO2 and water. 
C)  It is taken to the liver and converted back to pyruvate. 
D)  It reduces FADH2 to FAD+. 
E)  It is converted to alcohol.

Question 7

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high-energy foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a lot of oxygen atoms. 
B)  They have no nitrogen in their makeup. 
C)  They can have very long carbon skeletons. 
D)  They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen. 
E)  They are easily reduced. 
A)  They have a lot of oxygen atoms. 
B)  They have no nitrogen in their makeup. 
C)  They can have very long carbon skeletons. 
D)  They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen. 
E)  They are easily reduced.

Question 8

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  chemiosmosis. 
E)  oxidation of NADH to NAD+. 
A)  substrate-level phosphorylation. 
B)  electron transport. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  chemiosmosis. 
E)  oxidation of NADH to NAD+.

Question 9

Which statement best supports the hypothesis that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. 
B)  Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2. 
C)  Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells. 
D)  The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle. 
E)  Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells, made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen was present in Earth's atmosphere. 
A)  Glycolysis is widespread and is found in the domains Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. 
B)  Glycolysis neither uses nor needs O2. 
C)  Glycolysis is found in all eukaryotic cells. 
D)  The enzymes of glycolysis are found in the cytosol rather than in a membrane-enclosed organelle. 
E)  Ancient prokaryotic cells, the most primitive of cells, made extensive use of glycolysis long before oxygen was present in Earth's atmosphere.

Question 10

Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 
B)  2 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
C)  3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
D)  3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
E)  38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2 
A)  1 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 1 FADH2 
B)  2 ATP, 2 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
C)  3 ATP, 3 CO2, 3 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
D)  3 ATP, 6 CO2, 9 NADH, and 3 FADH2 
E)  38 ATP, 6 CO2, 3 NADH, and 12 FADH2

Exam 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Where do the catabolic products of fatty acid breakdown enter into the citric acid cycle?

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?

The direct energy source that drives ATP synthesis during respiratory oxidative phosphorylation in eukaryotic cells is

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during

Which of the following statements describes NAD+?

When an individual is exercising heavily and when the muscle becomes oxygen-deprived, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactate. What happens to the lactate in skeletal muscle cells?

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high-energy foods?

The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by

Which statement best supports the hypothesis that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway that originated before the last universal common ancestor of life on Earth?

Starting with citrate, which of the following combinations of products would result from three acetyl CoA molecules entering the citric acid cycle (see Figure 7.1)?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development, Stem Cells, and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition, Nutrition, and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Species Interactions

Ecosystems and Energy

Global Ecology and Conservation Biology

Filters