Question 1

The average global temperature has risen ________ over the past 100 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  3°C 
B)  10°C 
C)  5°C 
D)  1°C 
A)  3°C 
B)  10°C 
C)  5°C 
D)  1°C

Question 2

You arrive back in the United States after a visit to a foreign country located on another continent. The customs agent stops the person in front of you and confiscates the fruit basket this person is bringing home. Being the knowledgeable person you are, you calmly explain to your enraged fellow traveler that the reason for the detainment is that the fruit basket may be

Accepted Answer

A)  carrying endangered fruit. 
B)  carrying an exotic species that could damage North American ecosystems. 
C)  contaminated with chemicals that will damage the ozone layer above North America. 
D)  contaminated with sufficient DDT to cause serious harm to anyone who eats the fruit. 
A)  carrying endangered fruit. 
B)  carrying an exotic species that could damage North American ecosystems. 
C)  contaminated with chemicals that will damage the ozone layer above North America. 
D)  contaminated with sufficient DDT to cause serious harm to anyone who eats the fruit.

Question 3

Which phenomenon is a likely consequence of thinning of the ozone layer?

Accepted Answer

A)  more occurrences of skin cancer 
B)  greater escape of heat from Earth 
C)  global warming 
D)  smaller flying insect populations 
A)  more occurrences of skin cancer 
B)  greater escape of heat from Earth 
C)  global warming 
D)  smaller flying insect populations

Question 4

Introduced species are a problem all over the world, and there are many examples in the United States. Several years ago, a fisherman caught a northern snakehead fish in a pond in Crofton, Maryland (a suburb of Washington, DC). It was suspected that the fish in the Crofton pond were purchased locally and then intentionally released. Snakeheads are top predators, and 90% of the northern snakeheads' diet consists of other fishes. The northern snakehead can breathe out of water and travel short distances (about 100 feet) across land. They also breed rapidly. Females can lay more than 100,000 eggs per year. Juveniles have also been identified in the Potomac River and other rivers in Pennsylvania.
-When snakeheads enter aquatic ecosystems, biodiversity in these ecosystems would most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  increase, since another species has been added to the environment. 
B)  decrease, since the snakehead will prey on native species. 
C)  remain the same, since local species will prey on the snakeheads and remove them. 
D)  remain the same, because the snakeheads will merge without problems into established communities. 
A)  increase, since another species has been added to the environment. 
B)  decrease, since the snakehead will prey on native species. 
C)  remain the same, since local species will prey on the snakeheads and remove them. 
D)  remain the same, because the snakeheads will merge without problems into established communities.

Question 5

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.

Accepted Answer

A)  the ozone layer 
B)  other atmosphere gases 
C)  photosynthetic organisms 
D)  large land masses 
A)  the ozone layer 
B)  other atmosphere gases 
C)  photosynthetic organisms 
D)  large land masses

Question 6

Which statement about movement corridors is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Movement corridors can connect otherwise isolated habitat patches. 
B)  Movement corridors can promote inbreeding in declining populations. 
C)  Movement corridors are detrimental to species that migrate between habitats seasonally. 
D)  Movement corridors can prevent the spread of disease. 
A)  Movement corridors can connect otherwise isolated habitat patches. 
B)  Movement corridors can promote inbreeding in declining populations. 
C)  Movement corridors are detrimental to species that migrate between habitats seasonally. 
D)  Movement corridors can prevent the spread of disease.

Question 7

Which species is an invasive species?

Accepted Answer

A)  pika in the western United States 
B)  brown tree snake in Guam 
C)  polar bear in Norway 
D)  brown pelican off the coast of Louisiana 
A)  pika in the western United States 
B)  brown tree snake in Guam 
C)  polar bear in Norway 
D)  brown pelican off the coast of Louisiana

Question 8

The primary goal of conservation biology is to

Accepted Answer

A)  estimate the total number of species that exist. 
B)  maximize the land set aside for wildlife. 
C)  integrate human culture back into nature. 
D)  counter the loss of biodiversity. 
A)  estimate the total number of species that exist. 
B)  maximize the land set aside for wildlife. 
C)  integrate human culture back into nature. 
D)  counter the loss of biodiversity.

Question 9

The accompanying figure depicts natural fluctuation of ozone levels in Switzerland between 1925 and 1976. Dobson units are a way to measure the total amount of atmospheric ozone above a point on the Earth's surface. What can you conclude from this figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural fluctuation of ozone levels varies greatly year to year, so the average for this 50-year span was approximately 330 Dobson units. 
B)  Switzerland can be used as a model example of how to maintain safe ozone levels. 
C)  All small European countries will show fluctuations in ozone concentration levels. 
D)  Ozone levels show a distinct pattern of increasing by 10 Dobson units every 10 years. 
A)  Natural fluctuation of ozone levels varies greatly year to year, so the average for this 50-year span was approximately 330 Dobson units. 
B)  Switzerland can be used as a model example of how to maintain safe ozone levels. 
C)  All small European countries will show fluctuations in ozone concentration levels. 
D)  Ozone levels show a distinct pattern of increasing by 10 Dobson units every 10 years.

Question 10

The introduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park in 1991 resulted in

Accepted Answer

A)  a decline in habitat for the entire community. 
B)  ecological changes involving numerous plant and animal species. 
C)  the migration of most of these wolves out of the park and back to Canada. 
D)  the death of all of the wolves, likely due to an insufficient amount of available prey. 
A)  a decline in habitat for the entire community. 
B)  ecological changes involving numerous plant and animal species. 
C)  the migration of most of these wolves out of the park and back to Canada. 
D)  the death of all of the wolves, likely due to an insufficient amount of available prey.

Question 11

The three greatest current threats to biodiversity, in order starting with the greatest, are

Accepted Answer

A)  habitat loss, overharvesting, and invasive species. 
B)  habitat loss, invasive species, and overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species, habitat loss, and overharvesting. 
D)  invasive species, overharvesting, and habitat loss. 
A)  habitat loss, overharvesting, and invasive species. 
B)  habitat loss, invasive species, and overharvesting. 
C)  invasive species, habitat loss, and overharvesting. 
D)  invasive species, overharvesting, and habitat loss.

Question 12

Most biodiversity hot spots are found in ________ regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  western 
B)  tropical 
C)  temperate 
D)  tundra 
A)  western 
B)  tropical 
C)  temperate 
D)  tundra

Question 13

According to this figure, which organisms have the highest concentration of PCBs, and why?

Accepted Answer

A)  phytoplankton, because they are at the bottom of the food chain 
B)  herring gulls, because they are at the bottom of the food chain 
C)  herring gulls, because they are at the top of the food chain 
D)  smelt, because they are in the middle of the food chain 
A)  phytoplankton, because they are at the bottom of the food chain 
B)  herring gulls, because they are at the bottom of the food chain 
C)  herring gulls, because they are at the top of the food chain 
D)  smelt, because they are in the middle of the food chain

Question 14

Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere result in the oceans

Accepted Answer

A)  becoming more acidic. 
B)  becoming more basic. 
C)  containing less dissolved oxygen. 
D)  containing less dissolved carbon dioxide. 
A)  becoming more acidic. 
B)  becoming more basic. 
C)  containing less dissolved oxygen. 
D)  containing less dissolved carbon dioxide.

Question 15

Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is

Accepted Answer

A)  global warming. 
B)  habitat destruction due to humans. 
C)  the introduction of exotic species. 
D)  overexploitation of populations for food. 
A)  global warming. 
B)  habitat destruction due to humans. 
C)  the introduction of exotic species. 
D)  overexploitation of populations for food.

Question 16

Suppose a species of wild boar (a type of pig) is actively hunted when it is at a young age because at that stage of its development the meat of the boar is particularly tender. What is a likely outcome if this species is overharvested?

Accepted Answer

A)  The wild boar population will dwindle because their food source will disappear due to habitat loss. 
B)  The wild boar population will increase because older boars will continue to survive. 
C)  The wild boar population will dwindle and potentially go extinct if not enough boars that can reproduce are left to mate. 
D)  The wild boar population will increase because boundaries will help separate boars from humans. 
A)  The wild boar population will dwindle because their food source will disappear due to habitat loss. 
B)  The wild boar population will increase because older boars will continue to survive. 
C)  The wild boar population will dwindle and potentially go extinct if not enough boars that can reproduce are left to mate. 
D)  The wild boar population will increase because boundaries will help separate boars from humans.

Question 17

Sustainable development will

Accepted Answer

A)  require making difficult decisions regarding travel to other planets. 
B)  require many people to contribute financially. 
C)  speed up evolution. 
D)  require global, multinational cooperation. 
A)  require making difficult decisions regarding travel to other planets. 
B)  require many people to contribute financially. 
C)  speed up evolution. 
D)  require global, multinational cooperation.

Question 18

Habitats with many edges

Accepted Answer

A)  are the result of natural disasters. 
B)  favor animals that prefer interior, forest habitat. 
C)  often result from human activities. 
D)  result in a significant increase in ecotourism. 
A)  are the result of natural disasters. 
B)  favor animals that prefer interior, forest habitat. 
C)  often result from human activities. 
D)  result in a significant increase in ecotourism.

Question 19

Greenhouse gases include

Accepted Answer

A)  nitrous oxide and oxygen. 
B)  nitrogen and oxygen. 
C)  carbon dioxide and nitrogen. 
D)  carbon dioxide and methane. 
A)  nitrous oxide and oxygen. 
B)  nitrogen and oxygen. 
C)  carbon dioxide and nitrogen. 
D)  carbon dioxide and methane.

Question 20

Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.

Accepted Answer

A)  hot spot 
B)  exotic 
C)  keystone 
D)  endemic 
A)  hot spot 
B)  exotic 
C)  keystone 
D)  endemic

Exam 38: Conservation Biology

The average global temperature has risen ________ over the past 100 years.

Which phenomenon is a likely consequence of thinning of the ozone layer?

Carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.

Which statement about movement corridors is true?

Which species is an invasive species?

The primary goal of conservation biology is to

The accompanying figure depicts natural fluctuation of ozone levels in Switzerland between 1925 and 1976. Dobson units are a way to measure the total amount of atmospheric ozone above a point on the Earth's surface. What can you conclude from this figure?

The introduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park in 1991 resulted in

The three greatest current threats to biodiversity, in order starting with the greatest, are

Most biodiversity hot spots are found in ________ regions.

According to this figure, which organisms have the highest concentration of PCBs, and why?

Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere result in the oceans

Currently, the single greatest threat to biodiversity is

Suppose a species of wild boar (a type of pig) is actively hunted when it is at a young age because at that stage of its development the meat of the boar is particularly tender. What is a likely outcome if this species is overharvested?

Sustainable development will

Habitats with many edges

Greenhouse gases include

Species found in only one place on Earth are called ________ species.

Biology: Exploring Life

The Chemical Basis of Life

The Molecules of Cells

A Tour of the Cell

The Working Cell

How Cells Harvest Chemical Energy

Photosynthesis: Using Light to Make Food

The Cellular Basis of Reproduction and Inheritance

Patterns of Inheritance

Molecular Biology of the Gene

How Genes Are Controlled

DNA Technology and Genomics

How Populations Evolve

The Origin of Species

Tracing Evolutionary History

Microbial Life: Prokaryotes and Protists

The Evolution of Plant and Fungal Diversity

The Evolution of Invertebrate Diversity

The Evolution of Vertebrate Diversity

Unifying Concepts of Animal Structure and Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Gas Exchange

Circulation

The Immune System

Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Reproduction and Embryonic Development

Nervous Systems

The Senses

How Animals Move

Plant Structure, Growth, and Reproduction

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Control Systems in Plants

The Biosphere: an Introduction to Earths Diverse Environments

Behavioral Adaptations to the Environment

Population Ecology

Communities and Ecosystems

Filters

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere is absorbed by ________ and converted into biomass.

Rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in the atmosphere result in the oceans