Question 1

High blood sugar after a meal ________________ the level of insulin released by the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on 
D)  chronically activates 
E)  chronically inhibits 
A)  increases 
B)  decreases 
C)  has no effect on 
D)  chronically activates 
E)  chronically inhibits

Question 2

Which metabolic steps differ from glycolysis in gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

There are three irreversible steps in gl

Question 3

How does the liver restore the level of glucose for active muscles?

Accepted Answer

Through th

Question 4

What are the key glycolytic enzymes and why are they considered key? How are these steps overcome in gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate kinase → pyruvate car

Question 5

The process of forming glucose from amino acids is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of forming glucose from amino...

Question 6

The first step in gluconeogenesis is the ________________ of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first step in gluconeogenesis is the...

Question 7

In general, the liver:

Accepted Answer

A)  does not utilize glucose under starvation/low-energy conditions. 
B)  acts as a glucose buffer for the rest of the body. 
C)  is a producer of glucose for the body under low-energy conditions. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  does not utilize glucose under starvation/low-energy conditions. 
B)  acts as a glucose buffer for the rest of the body. 
C)  is a producer of glucose for the body under low-energy conditions. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 8

The enzymes involved in shuttling carbons involved in gluconeogenesis from the mitochondria to the cytosol are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  malate dehydrogenase. 
B)  citrate synthase. 
C)  oxaloacetate transferase. 
D)  oxaloacetate reductase. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  malate dehydrogenase. 
B)  citrate synthase. 
C)  oxaloacetate transferase. 
D)  oxaloacetate reductase. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 9

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The major tissue in which gluconeogenesis takes place is the ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP 
A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP

Question 10

The cellular compartment where the first step in gluconeogenesis occurs is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The cellular compartment where the first step...

Question 11

What is the role biotin has in pyruvate carboxylase catalytic mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Biotin is the activated carbon 1 carrier

Question 12

ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK is used to fix ________________ to biotin.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK...

Question 13

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  phosphofructokinase I. 
B)  phosphofructokinase II. 
C)  fructose-1,6 phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase 2. 
E)  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. 
A)  phosphofructokinase I. 
B)  phosphofructokinase II. 
C)  fructose-1,6 phosphatase. 
D)  protein kinase 2. 
E)  phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

Question 14

Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to ________________ by ________________.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose / gluconeogenesis 
B)  lactate / the Cori cycle 
C)  glucose / the Cori cycle 
D)  pyruvate / glycolysis 
E)  ATP : the Krebs cycle 
A)  glucose / gluconeogenesis 
B)  lactate / the Cori cycle 
C)  glucose / the Cori cycle 
D)  pyruvate / glycolysis 
E)  ATP : the Krebs cycle

Question 15

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The stores of glucose are enough to support metabolism of a person for ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP 
A) liver 
B) muscle 
C) one day 
D) endoplasmic reticulum 
E) gluconeogenesis
F)phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G)PFK2
H)Cori
I)fructose 2,6-bisphosphate
J)magnesium
K)oxaloacetate
L)biotin
M)2 hours
N)ATP

Question 16

The major site for gluconeogenesis is in which of the following tissues?

Accepted Answer

A)  the brain 
B)  the liver 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  adipose 
E)  red blood cells 
A)  the brain 
B)  the liver 
C)  striated muscle 
D)  adipose 
E)  red blood cells

Question 17

The phosphoryl donor in the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate is:

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate. 
B)  PEP. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  GTP. 
E)  inorganic phosphate. 
A)  pyruvate. 
B)  PEP. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  GTP. 
E)  inorganic phosphate.

Question 18

Explain how fructose 2,6 bisphosphate is created and degraded in the cell, how the metabolism of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is regulated and the effect fructose 2,6 bisphosphate has on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

Accepted Answer

The levels in the cell of F-2,6BP are re

Question 19

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic...

Question 20

Hormonal activation of cyclic AMP levels:

Accepted Answer

A)  activates protein kinase A phosphorylation of FBPase2. 
B)  phosphorylates PFK2 on a tyrosine residue. 
C)  leads to the activation of PFK. 
D)  activates the PKC phosphorylation of PFK2. 
E)  increases the activation of gluconeogenesis. 
A)  activates protein kinase A phosphorylation of FBPase2. 
B)  phosphorylates PFK2 on a tyrosine residue. 
C)  leads to the activation of PFK. 
D)  activates the PKC phosphorylation of PFK2. 
E)  increases the activation of gluconeogenesis.

Exam 17: Gluconeogenesis

High blood sugar after a meal ________________ the level of insulin released by the pancreas.

Which metabolic steps differ from glycolysis in gluconeogenesis?

How does the liver restore the level of glucose for active muscles?

What are the key glycolytic enzymes and why are they considered key? How are these steps overcome in gluconeogenesis?

The process of forming glucose from amino acids is called ________________.

The first step in gluconeogenesis is the ________________ of pyruvate to form oxaloacetate.

In general, the liver:

The enzymes involved in shuttling carbons involved in gluconeogenesis from the mitochondria to the cytosol are called:

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The major tissue in which gluconeogenesis takes place is the ____________.

The cellular compartment where the first step in gluconeogenesis occurs is _______________.

What is the role biotin has in pyruvate carboxylase catalytic mechanism?

ATP in the reaction catalyzed by PEPCK is used to fix ________________ to biotin.

The bifunctional enzyme is also known as:

Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to ________________ by ________________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The stores of glucose are enough to support metabolism of a person for ____________.

The major site for gluconeogenesis is in which of the following tissues?

The phosphoryl donor in the formation of phosphoenolpyruvate is:

Explain how fructose 2,6 bisphosphate is created and degraded in the cell, how the metabolism of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate is regulated and the effect fructose 2,6 bisphosphate has on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis

The ________________ cycle refers to the metabolic reactions by which glucose is converted into lactate in skeletal muscle, and then lactate is converted back into glucose in the liver.

Hormonal activation of cyclic AMP levels:

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

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Lactate produced in muscle tissue is converted to by .