Question 1

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

Accepted Answer

Adenylate cyclase

Question 2

How does the binding of a hormone to receptor activate a G-protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for bound GDP. 
B)  It causes the γ subunit to be released from binding to the β subunit. 
C)  It causes an exchange of GDP for bound GTP. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  It causes an exchange of GTP for bound GDP. 
B)  It causes the γ subunit to be released from binding to the β subunit. 
C)  It causes an exchange of GDP for bound GTP. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  None of the above. A

Question 3

The cytosolic side, or β subunit, of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Accepted Answer

tyrosine

Question 4

Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound in the unactivated state?

Accepted Answer

A)  GTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  GMP 
D)  dGTP 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  GTP 
B)  GDP 
C)  GMP 
D)  dGTP 
E)  None of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated?

Accepted Answer

A)  tyrosine, serine, threonine 
B)  tyrosine, serine, tryptophan 
C)  serine, threonine, asparagine 
D)  histidine, serine, phenylalanine 
E)  tyrosine, methionine, tryptophan 
A)  tyrosine, serine, threonine 
B)  tyrosine, serine, tryptophan 
C)  serine, threonine, asparagine 
D)  histidine, serine, phenylalanine 
E)  tyrosine, methionine, tryptophan

Question 6

How is calmodulin activated?

Accepted Answer

A)  by binding of both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is raised 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  by binding of both calcium and potassium 
B)  by binding Ca2+ when the cytosolic concentration is raised 
C)  by binding to a positively charged helix on another protein 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 7

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The enzyme that becomes active when bound to cAMP is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 8

The ________________ receptor undergoes dimerization and cross-phosphorylation when activated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ receptor undergoes dimerization and cross-phosphorylation...

Question 9

The mechanism by which insulin-signaling processes might be terminated include:

Accepted Answer

A)  change in temperature. 
B)  the aggregation of all protein subunits. 
C)  protein dephosphorylation by phosphatases. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  change in temperature. 
B)  the aggregation of all protein subunits. 
C)  protein dephosphorylation by phosphatases. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 10

The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in many proteins and is characterized by a helix-loop-helix structure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in...

Question 11

When insulin binds to its receptor, which of the following occurs?

Accepted Answer

A)  A PIP2-dependent kinase is activated. 
B)  Calmodulin binds Ca2+. 
C)  Sos stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  A PIP2-dependent kinase is activated. 
B)  Calmodulin binds Ca2+. 
C)  Sos stimulates the exchange of GTP for GDP. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Most signal molecules:

Accepted Answer

A)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. 
B)  bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. 
C)  carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. 
D)  A and C. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  easily diffuse through the membrane and bind to a receptor in the cytoplasm. 
B)  bind to membrane receptors and transmit information across a membrane without traversing the membrane. 
C)  carry out functions in the nucleus after binding to a receptor in the cell membrane. 
D)  A and C. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 13

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The ɑ and subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins are anchored to the cell membrane by being covalently linked to these types of molecule.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 14

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

Accepted Answer

When second messengers are involved in m

Question 15

Advantages of second messengers include that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. 
B)  second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. 
C)  a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  the signal can be amplified by making many second messengers. 
B)  second messengers can freely diffuse to other sites within the cell. 
C)  a few common second messengers can be used in multiple signaling pathways. 
D)  All of the above. 
E)  None of the above.

Question 16

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 17

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Question 18

What is the difference between heterotrimeric G proteins and small G proteins?

Accepted Answer

Heterotrimeric G proteins are composed o

Question 19

How does binding of epinephrine initiate the cAMP production? Discuss briefly in terms of receptor structure and function.

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine binds to a 7TM receptor whic

Question 20

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol.

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins 
A) protein kinase A (PK
A)  
B) calmodulin 
C) fatty acids 
D) proto-oncogene 
E) R2C2
F)R1C2
G)cAMP
H)phospholipase C
I)protein kinase C (PK
C) 
J)epinephrine
K)oncogene
L)small G proteins

Exam 13: Signal Transduction Pathways

________________ is the membrane protein that catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cAMP.

How does the binding of a hormone to receptor activate a G-protein?

The cytosolic side, or β subunit, of the insulin receptor is a ________________ kinase.

Which form of the guanyl nucleotide is bound in the unactivated state?

Which of the following amino acids can be phosphorylated?

How is calmodulin activated?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The enzyme that becomes active when bound to cAMP is ____________.

The ________________ receptor undergoes dimerization and cross-phosphorylation when activated.

The mechanism by which insulin-signaling processes might be terminated include:

The ________________ is a calcium-binding unit in many proteins and is characterized by a helix-loop-helix structure.

When insulin binds to its receptor, which of the following occurs?

Most signal molecules:

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The ɑ and subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins are anchored to the cell membrane by being covalently linked to these types of molecule.

What is a disadvantage of using common molecules for signaling paths?

Advantages of second messengers include that:

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The inactive form of protein kinase A is ____________.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________: The enzyme that catalyzes the cleavage of PIP2.

What is the difference between heterotrimeric G proteins and small G proteins?

How does binding of epinephrine initiate the cAMP production? Discuss briefly in terms of receptor structure and function.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The ____________ enzyme becomes active when bound to Ca2+ and diacylglycerol.

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

Filters