Question 1

How is succinate dehydrogenase unique when compared to the other enzymes in the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Succinate dehydrogenase is the

Question 2

The free energy at standard state for MDH in the direction of the citric acid cycle is _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The free energy at standard state for...

Question 3

How many ATP equivalents are produced from the total oxidation of 1 pyruvate to 3 CO2?

Accepted Answer

The total oxidation of 1 pyruvate by pyr

Question 4

Isomerization of citrate is catalyzed by:

Accepted Answer

A)  citrate synthase. 
B)  aldolase. 
C)  ɑ-ketogutarate dehydrogenase. 
D)  Aconitase. 
E)  Citrate isomerase 
A)  citrate synthase. 
B)  aldolase. 
C)  ɑ-ketogutarate dehydrogenase. 
D)  Aconitase. 
E)  Citrate isomerase

Question 5

ΔG˚′ = -21 kJ/mol for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase yet ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ/mol for the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase.  Both of these reactions involve the oxidation of a secondary alcoholGive an explanation about why the oxidation of isocitrate is so exergonic.

Accepted Answer

The oxidation of isocitrate produces oxa

Question 6

List the five coenzymes that are required for the oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate and give the essential nutrient (vitamin) that is required for each.

Accepted Answer

1. thiamine pyrophosphate; thi

Question 7

In which step of the citric acid cycle is FADH2 formed?

Accepted Answer

A)  the conversion of succinate to malate 
B)  the conversion of succinate to oxaloacetate 
C)  the conversion of succinate to fumarate 
D)  the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  the conversion of succinate to malate 
B)  the conversion of succinate to oxaloacetate 
C)  the conversion of succinate to fumarate 
D)  the conversion of malate to oxaloacetate 
E)  None of the above.

Question 8

What reaction serves to link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

Pyruvate + CoA + NAD

Question 9

______________ reactions are the process of filling up a cycle with outside carbon compounds.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ______________ reactions are the process of filling...

Question 10

Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency or genetic mutation results in:

Accepted Answer

A)  cancer through HIF-1. 
B)  decreased rate of gylcolysis. 
C)  depletion of succinate in mitochondria. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C. 
A)  cancer through HIF-1. 
B)  decreased rate of gylcolysis. 
C)  depletion of succinate in mitochondria. 
D)  A and B. 
E)  A, B, and C.

Question 11

Formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate is a(n) _________ reaction.

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation 
B)  reduction 
C)  condensation 
D)  ligation 
E)  None of the above. 
A)  oxidation 
B)  reduction 
C)  condensation 
D)  ligation 
E)  None of the above.

Question 12

Organisms that can convert fat into sugar use the _______________ cycle .

Accepted Answer

The answer of Organisms that can convert fat into sugar...

Question 13

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-____________ is the primary control point of the citric acid cycle.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 14

Are the acetyl carbons that enter the citric acid cycle the exact same carbons that leave as CO2? Briefly explain.

Accepted Answer

No, the carbons are different. The carbo

Question 15

Draw each reaction and the name of the enzyme for the production of CO2 from pyruvate.

Accepted Answer

Use the pathways from chapters

Question 16

How does the decarboxylation of α-ketoglutatarate resemble that of pyruvate decarboxylation?

Accepted Answer

Both are ɑ-ketoacids, which are decarbox

Question 17

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The function of the citric acid cycle is to ____________ high-energy electrons.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 18

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used.
-The intermediate between citrate and isocitrate is ____________.

Accepted Answer

A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase 
A) cytosol 
B) isocitrate dehydrogenase 
C) anaplerotic 
D) harvest 
E) cis-aconitate
F)melonate
G)metabolon
H)oxaloacetate
I)inner membrane
J)citrate
K)carbon dioxide
L)glyoxylate cycle
M)malate dehydrogenase

Question 19

In general, the citric acid cycle is inhibited under _____________ (high, low) energy conditions.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In general, the citric acid cycle is...

Question 20

In the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme complex, why is the observed electron transfer from FADH2 to NAD+ unusual?

Accepted Answer

It is unusual because the elec

Exam 19: Harvesting Electrons From the Cycle

How is succinate dehydrogenase unique when compared to the other enzymes in the citric acid cycle?

The free energy at standard state for MDH in the direction of the citric acid cycle is _______________.

How many ATP equivalents are produced from the total oxidation of 1 pyruvate to 3 CO2?

Isomerization of citrate is catalyzed by:

ΔG˚′ = -21 kJ/mol for the reaction catalyzed by isocitrate dehydrogenase yet ΔG˚′ = +29.7 kJ/mol for the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase. Both of these reactions involve the oxidation of a secondary alcoholGive an explanation about why the oxidation of isocitrate is so exergonic.

List the five coenzymes that are required for the oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate and give the essential nutrient (vitamin) that is required for each.

In which step of the citric acid cycle is FADH2 formed?

What reaction serves to link glycolysis and the citric acid cycle?

______________ reactions are the process of filling up a cycle with outside carbon compounds.

Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency or genetic mutation results in:

Formation of citrate from acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate is a(n) _________ reaction.

Organisms that can convert fat into sugar use the _______________ cycle .

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -____________ is the primary control point of the citric acid cycle.

Are the acetyl carbons that enter the citric acid cycle the exact same carbons that leave as CO2? Briefly explain.

Draw each reaction and the name of the enzyme for the production of CO2 from pyruvate.

How does the decarboxylation of α-ketoglutatarate resemble that of pyruvate decarboxylation?

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The function of the citric acid cycle is to ____________ high-energy electrons.

Choose the correct answer from the list below. Not all of the answers will be used. -The intermediate between citrate and isocitrate is ____________.

In general, the citric acid cycle is inhibited under _____________ (high, low) energy conditions.

In the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme complex, why is the observed electron transfer from FADH2 to NAD+ unusual?

Biochemistry and the Unity of Life

Water, Weak Bonds, and the Generation of Order Out of Chaos

Amino Acids

Protein Three-Dimensional Structure

Techniques in Protein Biochemistry

Basic Concepts of Enzyme Action

Kinetics and Regulation

Mechanisms and Inhibitors

Hemoglobin: an Allosteric Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipids

Membrane Structure and Function

Signal Transduction Pathways

Digestion: Turning a Meal Into Cellular Biochemicals

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis

Gluconeogenesis

Preparation for the Cycle

The Electron Transport Chain

The Proton-Motive Force

The Light Reactions

The Calvin Cycle

Glycogen Degradation

Glycogen Synthesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Fatty Acid Degredation

Fatty Acid Synthesis

Lipid Synthesis

Amino Acid Degradation and the Urea Cycle

Amino Acids Synthesis

Nucleotide Metabolism

The Structure of Informational Macromolecules: Dna and Rna

DNA Replication

DNA Repair and Recombination

RNA Synthesis and Regulation in Prokaryotes

Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

RNA Processing in Eukaryotes

The Genetic Code

The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis

Recombinant DNA Techniques

Filters

How many ATP equivalents are produced from the total oxidation of 1 pyruvate to 3 CO₂?

In which step of the citric acid cycle is FADH₂ formed?

Draw each reaction and the name of the enzyme for the production of CO₂ from pyruvate.

In the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme complex, why is the observed electron transfer from FADH₂ to NAD⁺ unusual?